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OF STATISTICS OF 



Prepared by the 

Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor 

Rooms 230 - 238, State House, Boston 



CHAS. F. PIDGIN, Chief 
Frank H. Drown, First Clerk Wm. G. Grundy, Second Clerk 



IVitb the Compliments of the Chief 




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Published 



Board of Managers 
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Exposition 



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Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Laboe. 



Officers: 1869-1903. 



CHIEFS. 

HEXRY KEMBLE OLIVER, 1869-1873 

CARROLL DAVIDSON WRIGHT, 1873-1888 

HORACE GREELEY WADLIX, 1888-1903 

CHARLES FELTOX PIDGIN, 1903- 

DEPUTIES AND FIRST CLERKS. 

George Edwin McNeill (Deputy), 1869-1873 

George Howard Long (Deputy), 1873-1876 

Charles Felton Pidgin (Secretary, 1873-1876), .... 1876-1903 

Frank Henry Drown, 1903- 



SECOND CLERKS. 

William Chamberlain Hunt, .... 

Frank Henry Drown, 

AVilliam George Grlndy, 



1884-1888 
1888-1903 
1903- 



LOCATION OF OFFICES IN BOSTON 

State House, 

33 Pemberton Square, .... 
Commonwealth Building (near State House), 

20 Beacon Street, 

Rooms 250-258, State House, .... 



1869 1873 
1873-1883 

1883-1885 
1885-1898 
1898- 



Chroxological history 



Bureau of statistics of Labor and of Labor Legislation in 
Massachusetts from 1831 to 1903. 



1831. Gov. Lincoln presented report to legislature June 1, providing for equal distribution of 
assets among creditors, and abolishing imprisonment for any debt less than fifty dollars. 

1832. September. — Convention of delegates from the farmers, mechanics, and workingmen 
of New England adoi)t resolutions setting forth burdens suffered by laboring classes from exces- 
sive hours, imprisonment for debt, the lack of a lien law, onerous militia service, and various otiier 
causes. 

1833. March 1-2. — South Reading Mechanic and Agricultural Institution incorporated. 

1834. January 21. — Meeting to form a general trades' union. 

March. — Constitution for general trades' union submitted and ratified by the trades. 
February 28. — Worcester County Manual Labor High School incorporated. 
March 6. — Berkshire County ^Lanual Labor High School incorporated. 
March 31. —Act abolishing imprisonment for debt. 

September. — Meeting of workingmen in Boston chose ten delegates to a convention of farmers, 
mechanics, and others, to be holden at Northampton. 

1835. Authorities of the city of Boston refused the use of a hall for an evening meeting to 
discuss the ten-hour movement. 

1836. Chap. 245, vol. 13, Laws of Massachusetts, 1834-1886. — Requires three months' schooling 
each year for youths employed in manufacturing establishments. 

1837. The State instituted inquiries concerning the products of industry of the population, but 
the results were exceedingly erroneous. 

1839. Chap. .08, Laws. — Charlestown Mechanics' Lnion Charitable Association incorporated. 

1840. April 10. — President Van Buren issued the order directing " that all public csta))lish- 
ments will hereafter be regulated, as to working hours, by the ten-hour sjstem." 

1841. Chap. .54, Laws. — Danvers Mechanic Institute incorporated. 

1842. The hours of labor of children under twelve were limited to ten per day. 

1843. Chap. 49, Laws. — Boston Society for the Diffusion of Information among Emigrants 
incorporated. 

1844. The ten-hour plan was established in most of the shipbuilding trades in the State. 

1845. Chap. U9, Acts. — Act granting one-half of a township in Maine, six miles square, to the 
Worcester County Manual Labor High School. 

Chap. 169, Acts. — Brook Farm Phalanx incorporated for promoting education, agricultural 
knowledge, and habits of manual and mechanical industry. 

Chap. 171, Acts. — An Act to obtain statistical information in relation to certain branches of in- 
dustry. 

House Document, No. 50. — I^etitions to the legislature for the regulation of the hours of labor 
in corporations, eleven hours being the fixed time desired. Committee reported against any legis- 
lation. 



6 History of Bureau and Labor Legislation. 

1849. Chap. 220, Acts. — An Act defining and repealing sections of previous acts concerning 
the employment of children. 

1850. Chap. 66, Acts. — An Act incorporating the Worcester County Mechanics' Association; 
** purpose to promote moral and intellectual improvement, perfect the mechanic arts, and for 
charitable purposes." 

House Document, No. 153. — Committee majority report considered legislation Inexpedient; but 
minority reported a bill establishing eleven hours as the legal day on and after Septemljer 1, I8.1O, 
and ten hours on and after July 1, 1851. Again was legislation postponed. 

1851. Chap. 343, Acts. — An Act to secure to mechanics and laborers their payment for labor 
by a lien on real estate. 

1852. Chap. 240, Acts. — " Requires all persons having children under their control to send 
them to school three months each year." 

Chap. 307, Acts.— An Act to incorporate the Suffolk Mutual Loan and Accumulating ¥\\\\(\ 
Association; "object to loan funds to those contributors who wish to i^urchase homesteads." 

House Document, No. 185. — Attempt made to have ten hours made the legal day, in the absence 
of a special contract, and that children under fifteen should not work more than ten hours; the 
bill failed. 

1854. Chap. 392, Acts. — Model Lodging House Association in<'ori)orated. 

1855. Chap. 18, Acts. — Act incorporating an industrial school for girls. 
Chap. 231, Acts. — Extension of the lien law to ships and vessels. 

Chap. 309, Acts. — Re<iuires school conimltti'es to report violations of the law of May, 1852, to 
the treasurer of their towns and cities. 

Chap. 379, Acts. — Amends Chaj). 220, Acts of 1849, concerning children. 

Chap. 431, Acts. — Amendment to lien law. 

Chap. 444, Acts. — Imprisonment for debt, except In cases of fraud, abolished. 

1857. Chap. 141, />cts. — Consolidates the Acts concerning imprisonment for debt and the 
punishment of fraudulent debtors. 

Chap. 50, Acts. — Requires the insurance commissioners to report annually the conduct and 
condition of the loan fund associations. 

1858. Chap. 83, Acts. — Recjuires eighteen weeks' schooling. 
Chap. 55, Acts. — Amendment to lien law. 

1859. Chap. 188, Acts. — School committees reiiuired to give notice to treasurers of violations 
of the Act of 1852; treasurer fined if he fails to comply. 

1863. Chap. 166, Acts.- An Act to provide for the reception of a grant of Congress, and to 
create a fund for the promotion of education in agriculture and the mechanic arts. 

1865. Chap. 62, Acts. — A])points an unpaid commission of five to collect information and 
statistics in regard to the hours of labor and the condition and prospects of the industrial class. 

Chap. 116, Acts. — Act to incorporate the Boston Labor Reform Association, for the purpose of 
improving the condition of the mechanic and laboring classes in their various occupations, etc. 

Chap. 206, Acts. — Exempts from attachment the tools of a mechanic to the amount of not mere 
than three hundred dollars. 

Chap. 249, Acts. — An Act to establish a state police. 

Chap. 270, Acts. — Amends the apprenticeship law, by repealing imprisonment, and substitut 
ing a bond. 

March 8. — Order offered in House that the Judiciary Committee consider the expediency (»f 
regulating and limiting the number of hours constituting a day's labor, and to provide penalties 
for violation. Also a clause against combinations by dealers to advance the price of the neces- 
saries of life. Resulted in appointment of the unpaid commission before mentioned. 

1866. Governor Bullock's Inaugural. — Emphasizes the importance of the question of hours 
of labor among industrial classes, etc. 

Chap. 67, Acts. — The business hours of the departments of the State government to be detei - 
mined by the governor and council. 

Chap. 261, Acts. — An Act in addition to an Act to establish a State police. 



History of Bureau and Labor Legislation. 7 

Chap. 270, Acts. — Act prohibits: — (1) Employment of children under ten years of age in any 
inanufacturiniT establishment; (-2) employment of children between ten and fourteen unless they 
attend school six months every year; (3) employment of cliildren under fourteen more than eii^ht 
hours per day. Penalties provided for violation. 

Chap. -JDO, Acts. — Authorizes the formation of co-operative associations. 

Report of the Commission of 18()o.— Frequent and gross violation of the school law found. Rec- 
ommended: — (1) To give children in manufacturing districts twice the amount of schooling now 
required, or ado]>t the •* half-time system"; (-2) that an inspector be appointed to enforce these 
laws, and to look after the children put to apprenticeship; (3) that provision be made for the 
annual collection of reliable statistics in regard to the condition, prospects, and wants of the indus- 
trial classes. 

Chap. 85, Resolves. — Resolve appropriates ten thousand dollars for representation of indus- 
tries of the State at the Universal Exposition in 1867 at Paris. 

Chap. !>-2, Resolves. — Resolve authorizing the appointment by the governor of a connnission to 
investigate the subject of the hours of labor in its relation to the social, educational, and sanitary 
condition of the working classes. 

1867. Chap. 174, Acts. — The Co-operative Mills incorporated. 
Chap. 177, Acts. — An Act to increase the number of the State police. 

Chap. 264, Acts. — Shares in co-operative associations to the value of twenty dollars exem])ted 
fi'om attachment and execution. 

Chap. 28.1, Acts. — Act in relation to schooling and hours of labor of children employed in 
manufacturing and mechanical establishments. 

Report of Commission of 1866. — Recommend that: — (1) Execution of provisions of Chaj). 273, 
Acts of 1866, which forbid employment of children between the ages of ten and fourteen, and pro- 
vides for their attendance at school, be insured; (2) employment of persons under eighteen, in 
factories for more than ten hours per day, or sixty hours per week, be prohibited; that one hour 
each day be allowed for dinner; (3) an Inspector of Labor be appointed to see that all laws relat- 
ing to the interests of laboring classes are faithfully executed; (4) a Bureau of Statistics be estab- 
lished to collect and make available all facts relating to the industrial and social interests of the 
Commonwealth. Could not recommend enactment of any law restricting hours of labor for the 
nilult population. 

1868. Chap.<J5, Acts. — Wages of wife and minor children of debtor exempted from attach- 
ment. » 

Chaj). 279, Acts. — Overseers of poor prohibited from removing minors from the State. 

1869. Chap. 302, Acts. — Provides for cancelling the indentures of wards of the State in cer- 
tain cases- 
Chap. ;W.i, Acts — Provides that towns and cities may maintain evening schools for those over 

twelve years of age. 

Chaps. 'VI and 72, Resolves. — Appropriate fifty thousand dollars to the Worcester Country Free 
Institute of Industrial Science, with a proviso for gratuitous instruction. 

Chap. 102, Resolves. — Provides for the establishment of a Bureau of Statistics of Labor. 

Resolve providing for the establishment of a Bureau of Statistics on the subject of Labor. 

Resolved, That the governor, with the advice and consent of the council, is hereby authorized to 
api)oint, as soon after the passage of this resolve as may be, and thereafter biennially in the month 
of May, some suitable person to act as chief, who shall have power to appoint a deputy, and said 
• hief with his deputy shall constitute a bureau of statistics, with headquarters in the state House. 

The duties of such bureau shall Ik* to collect, assort, systematize, and present in annual reports 
to the legislature, on or before the first day of March in each year, statistical details relating to all 
de]>artments of labor in the Commonwealth, especially in its relations to the commercial, indus- 
trial, social, educational, and sanitary condition of the laboring classes, and to the ])ermanent ])ros- 
l>erity of the productive industry of the Commonwealth. 

That said Ijureau shall have the power to send for persons and i>apers, to examine witnesses 
under oath, and such witnesses shall be summoned in the same manner, and paid the same fees as 



8 History of Bureau and Labor Legislation. 

witnesses before the superior courts of the Commonwealth. The compensation of said bureau 
shall be twenty-five hundred dollars annual salary for the chief, and two thousand dollars annual 
salary for the deputy. And the governor is hereby authorized to draw his warrant for the pay- 
ment of said sums, together with such office and travelling expenses of said ])ureau as he with the 
council shall approve. 

Gov. Claflin appointed Hon. Henry K. Oliver as chief, who appointed George E. McNeill as his 
deputy. 

1870. Gov. Claflin's Inaugural.— " The condition of labor demands our earnest attention. . . . 
Public policy, then, would justify special care of all their interests on the ])art of the leglslaturt*." 

Chap. 281, Acts. — Grand Lodge of the Knights of St. Crispin incorporated. 

Chap. 48, Resolves. — State Board of Health directed to ascertain rate of mortality among 
minors employed in the textile industries. 

Chap. 74, Resolves. — Pay of assistants in Bureau of Statistics of Labor defined. 

Chief of Bureau authorized to emjiloy assistants and incur e\]»ense, not exceeding five tiiou- 
sand dollars; no assistant to be paid more than four dollars per day in addition to his necessary 
travelling expenses. 

Bills introduced for : — (1) A ten-hour law for women and chiMren; (-2) an eight-hour law for 
employees of the State, cities, and towns; failed to pass. 

1871. Gov. Claflin's Inaugural. — •* The time has now come to inquire whether the hours of 
labor in manufactories, established by law, may not ]>e limited with great advantage to both em- 
ployers and the employed." 

Chap. 280, Acts. — Tenement or lodging house Act provides for ventilation, lire escapes, sewer. 
age, etc., therein. 

Chap. 328, Acts. — Women's Economical (tardcn Homestead League Incorporated. 

Chap. 324, Acts. — Boston Co-operative Building Company incorporated. 

Chap. 394, Acts. — An Act to establish a better system of police. 

Chap. 82, Resolves.— Bureau of Statistics of Labor directed to prepare a plan lor a ayaU 
half-time schools. 

Officers of the bureau recommend a thorough and exhaustive system of statistics to be gathered 
during the next State census, covering subjects of wages, earnings, and savings, time employed 
and lost, of all classes of working people, the number of persons employed in the several ln<lus- 
trial occupations, and other matters connected with the subject of labor in the State. 

1872. Gov. Washburn's Inaugural. — '* The great desideratum is to determine what wouhl be 
a fair division of profits between the employer and employee. Settle the (juestlon as to compensa- 
tion per hour, and there will be no serious difficulty about the number of hours." 

Chap. 86, Acts. — Authorizes cities and towns to establish industrial schools. 
Chap. 281, Acts. — Amends the statutes in relation to imprisonment of poor debtors. 
Chap. 318, Acts. — Extends provisions of the lien law. 

Chap. 348, Acts. — Secures cheap morning and evening trains on railways for use of workingmen. 
The bureau report in relation to depositors in savings banks i)rovoked mucli discussion. Re- 
solve to abolish the bureau defeated. 

1873. Gov. Washburn in his address speaks of the dissatisfaction with methods and results of 
the bureau, and suggests plans for solving difficulty. 

Chaps. 262 and 279, Acts. — Acts to secure attendance of children at school. (Twenty weeks for 
children between eight and twelve). 

Chap. 306, Acts.— Authorizes towns to pay such sums as they see fit for public libraries. 

Chap. 377, Acts. — Salary of chief of bureau fixed at three thousand dollars per annum. 

Chap. 6, Resolves. — Appropriates fifteen thousand dollars to represent the industries and edu 
cational system of the State at the Vienna Exposition. 

Chap. 63, Resolves. — Repeals resolve requiring the headquarters of the Bureau of Statistics o( 
Labor to be in the State House. 

Chap. 66, Resolves. — Appropriates an additional twenty-five hundred dollars for expenses and 
clerical services of Bureau of Statistics of Labor. 




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I 

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History of Bureau and Labor Legislation. 9 

Change in the otlieers of the bureau, and question as to its abolishment dropped. 
Gov. Washburn commissioned Hon. Carroll D. AVright as chief, who selected Major George H. 
Long as his deputy. 

Ot!icers of the bureau recommend means for collecting statistics. 
The ottice of the bureau removed from the state House to No. 33 Pembeiton Square. 
1874. Gov. Washl)urn in his address says, "the object of the bureau should be to deal with 
st;itistics, to keep back nothing, but as far as possible to collect all the facts, and leave them to 
speak for themselves." Recommends adoption of English half-time system for children under 
fifteen, and enactment of a ten-hour law. 

Chap. '2-11, Acts. — Establishes hours of labor at sixty per week for women and children under 
eighteen years of age. 

Chap. -279, Acts. — Prevents appearance of children under fifteen as acrobats, contortionists, etc. 
Chap. ;^^, Acts. — Provides for taking the industrial statistics and decennial census of the 
Commonwealth. 

Chap. 35<3, Acts. — Regulates deposits in savings banks. 
Chap. 4(»o, Acts. — Police commission abolished. 

Chap. 62, Resolves. — Directs Bureau of Statistics of Labor to prepare plan for education of 
children employed in manufacturing establishments. 
I 1875. Gov. Gaston in his address recommends the adoption of the English half-time system 
' and the establishment of instruction in practical pursuits. 

' Chap. 15, Acts. — State detective force established; Chap. 394, Acts of 1871, and Chap. 40.), Acts 
' of 1S74 repealed. 

Chap. 93, Acts. — An Act respecting the taking of the decennial census in Boston and other 
' cities. 

( Chap. 211, Acts. — Regulates special contracts for labor. 

I Chap. 37, Resolves. — Resolve providing compensation for taking the census and industrial 
statistics. 

Chap. 71, Resolves. — Appropriates fifty thousand dollars to represent the arts, institutions, and 
industries of the Commonwealth at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. 

An attempt was again made to abolish the Bureau of Statistics of Labor, but was not suc- 
cessful. 
1 The Bureau in its report took strong ground against the establishment of half-time schools in 
I this State, contending that children should have no legal status as workers, but only as pupils. 
, Also recommended that laws be revised so as to provide compulsorily for the attendance of all 
I children l>etween five and fifteen during the entire school year; also outline of a bill for accom- 
, pushing this result was presented. 

The bureau took ground, also, against the introduction of the English factory system into Mas- 
1 sachusetts, and suggested an outline for a factory act. 

j 1876. Gov. Rice in his inaugural suggested the broadening of the law under which the bureau 
: worked. 

' Chap. 3, Acts. — Authorizes the teaching of sewing in the public schools. 
j Chap. 52. Acts. — Relates to the employment of children and regulations respecting them. 
Chap. 142, Acts.- Massachusetts Family Bank incorporated. 

Chap. 176, Acts. — Relates to the regulation and inspection of buildings in Boston. 
Chap. 216, Acts. — Relates to the inspection of factories and public buildings. 
Mr. Charles F. Pidgin appointed chief clerk, which oftice was established in place of deputy. 
Salary of chief reduced to ^2, .500, in accordance with general system of reduction of salaries of 
< State oflicials. 

1877. Chap. s4, Acts. — Provides for the more effectual prevention of fire, and better i)re>er- 
Yation of life and property in Boston. 

Chap. 97, Acts.— Relates to the dissolution of certain attachments by trustee process. 
Chap. 101, Acts.- Relates to special contracts between persons and corporations and their ser- 
yaots, employees, and workmen. 



10 History of Bureau and Labor Legislation. 

Chap. 172, Acts. — An Act for the better protection of children. 

Chap. 214, Acts. — Relates to the inspection of factories and public buildings; that State detec- 
tives be detailed to act as the inspectors. 

Chap. 224, Acts. — An Act concerning co-operative saving fund and loan associations. 

Chap. 38, Resolves. — Provides for the printing, binding, and distribution of additional copies 
of the decennial census and statistics of industry. 

Chap. 39, Resolves. — Relates to the fencing of railroads. 

Chap. 60, Resolves. — Provides for the supervision of statistics. 

Chief of bureau again recommends the bringing under one organization the gathering and prep- 
aration of all statistics relating in anj- way to the condition of the people. 

1878. Chap. 52, Acts. — Relates to the supervision of co-operative saving fund and loan as- 
sociations. 

Chap. 209, Acts. — Insures payment of wages earned and for materials used in constructing 
public buildings and public works. 

Chap. 250, Acts. — Relates to the taxation of co-operative saving fun<l and loan associations. 
Chap. 257, Acts. — Relates to the employment of children and regulations respecting them. 

1879. Gov. Talbot in his inaugural suggests that all wages due for labor be exempt from 
attachment. 

Chap. 59, Acts. — Provides for licensing conductors, drivers, and despatchers of street railway 
cars in the city of Boston. 

Chap. 97, Acts. — An Act relative to i)ensions to disabled i>ollce ollicers of the city of Boston. 

Chap. 128, Acts. — Concerns the ])ayment of laborers' wages by cities. 

Chap. 129, Acts. — Relates to co-operative saving fund and loan assiKdations. 

Chap. 205, Acts. — Concerns the fencing of railroads. 

Chap. 207, Acts. — Regulates the hours of labor in manufa<"turing estat»llshnienls. 

Chap. 305, Acts. — District police established; State detective force abolished. 

Chap. 37, Resolves. — Relates to a uniform system of laws in certain states regulating hours <»f 
labor. 

Chief of the bureau suggests the i)roi>er committee may llnd some cheap and expeditious 
method of enabling workingmen to avail thems.'lves of i»rovisions of the ins«»lvent laws. 

1880. Gov. Long in his inaugural recommends that the inspe<'tors of factories, etc., be made a 
separate department, charged solely with the duties of insju'ctlou and the enforcement of the laws 
connected therewith. 

Chap. 88, Acts. — Relates to licensing public exhibitions in which children are emi)loyed. 

Chap. 107, Acts. — Relates to pensioning disabled members of the lire department of the city of 
Boston and for other purposes. 

Chap. 137, Acts. — Relates to the emi)loyment of children and regulations respecting them. 

Chap. 178, Acts. — An Act to amend Chap. 305, Acts of 1879, establishing a district police forc^. 

Chap. 181, Acts. — Relates to the inspection of factories and Iniildings. 

Chap. 194, Acts. — Regulates the hours of labor in manufacturing establishments. 

Chap. 195, Acts. — Lynn Workingmeu's Aid Association incorporated. 

Chap. 196, Acts. — An Act concerning charitable and other beneficiary associations. 

Chap. 197, Acts. — An Act relative to better means of egress from manufacturing establish- 
ments. 

Chap. 12, Resolves. — Authorizes chief of Bureau of Statistics of Lal>or to accept appointment 
as supervisor of United States Census. 

Chap. 23, Resolves. — Provides lor the collection by the Bureau of Statistics of Labor of certain 
statistics in -regard to drunkenness and liquor selling. 

Chap. 29, Resolves. — Resolve relative to a uniform system of laws in certain States regulating 
the hours of labor. 

Chap. 48, Resolves. — Resolve relative to industrial conciliation and arbitration. 

Chief of bureau suggests repeal of provisions of trustee laws relating to wages. 

1881. Chap. 117, Acts. — An Act for the regulation and inspection of buildings in the city of 
Boston. 



History of Bureau and Labor Legislation. 1 1 

Chap. 187, Acts. — Heirulates the use of explosive, eombiistible, and iullainnialjle coinpouiuls in 
manufacturing establishments; inspectors of factories and public buildings to enforce same. 

Chap. 1J)5, Acts. — Relates to the inspection of factories and ])ublic buildings. 

Cha]). 2;i5, Acts. — An Act concerning the examination of debtors and witnesses in proceedings 
in insolvency, and the discharge of insolvent debtors. 

Chap. '2o7, Acts. — Relates to the discharge of insolvent debtors. 

Cha]>. 4,3, Resolves. — Resolve relative to industrial conciliation and arbitration. 

1882. Chaj). VyO, Acts. — Act for the preservation of the health of females employed in manu- 
facturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishments. 

Chap. -208, Acts.— Relates to the inspection of buildings. 

Chap. -244, Acts. — Authorizes the formation of relief societies by the em])loyees of railroad and 
steamboat corporations. 

1883. Chap. 84, Acts. — Permits municipal otlicers to authorize manufacturers to ring l)ells 
* and use whistles and gongs for the benefit of their workmen. 

Chap. l.iT, Acts. — Relates to the employment of minors and women. 

Chap. 17P), Acts. — Provides against the use of unsafe elevators. 

Chap. 174, Acts. — An Act for the establishment and maintenance of evening schools. 

Chap. 217, Acts. — Relates to the employment of prisoners. 

Chap. 224. Acts. — Relates to the em]>loyment of children in manufacturing and other establish- 
ments. 

Chap. 243, Acts. — Fixes responsibility of railroad corporations for negligent^ causing death of 
employees. 

1884. Chap. 52, Acts. — Prohibits the locking of the doors of buildings wherein operatives are 
employed during the hours of labor. 

Chap. 69, Acts.— Relates to instruction in the elementary use of hand-tools in public schools. 
Chap. 103, Acts. — Provides for the furnishing of free text books and school supplies to the 
pupils of the public schools. 

Chap. 181, Acts. — Act providing for taking the State Census by the Bureau of Statistics of 
Labor. 

Chap. 2'22, Acts. — Requires railroad companies to use safety couplers on freight cars. 
Chap. 27o, Acts. — Relates to the employment of minors in mercantile establishments. 
I In accordance with provisions of Chap. 4, Acts of 1884, Mr. AVilliam C. Hunt appointed second 
I clerk of the bureau. 
j 1885. Chap. 128, Acts. — Improved Dwellings Association incorporated. 

Chap. 222, Acts. — Relates to the employment of children in manufacturing and other establish- 
. ments. 

I 1886. Chap. 87, Acts.— Provides for the weekly payment of wages by corporations. 
1 Chap. iK), Acts. — Relative to the printed notice retiuired in manufacturing establishments. 
j Chap. 120, Acts. — Provides for the ])rotection of railroad employees. 

Chap. 125, Acts. — Authorizes railroad corporations to join certain relief societies. 
j Chap. 173, Acts. — Relates to providing means of communication between rooms in manufactur- 
j ing establishments where machinery is ])ropelled by steam and the room where the engineer is 
stationed. 

Chap. 194, Acts. — Exempts the wages and lay of seamen from attachment by the trustee 
process. 

Chap. 209, Acts. — Authorizes corporations to issue special stock to be held by their employees 
only. 

Chap. 2:^, Acts. — Authorizes the establishment and maintenance of evening high schools in 

i certain cities. 
Chap. 260, Acts. — An Act relative to reports of accidents in factories and manufacturing estab- 
lishmeDts. 

Chap. 263, Acts.— Provides for a State board of arbitration for the settlement of differences be- 
tween employers and their employees. 



12 History of Bureau and Labor Legislation. 

1887. Chap. 103, Acts. — Secures proper sanitary provisions in factories and workabopB. 
Chap. 121, Acts. — Prohibits the employment of children in cleaning dangerous machinery. 
Chap. 173, Acts.— Secures the proper ventilation of factories and workshops. 

Chap. 21,5, Acts. — An Act to secure uniform and proper meal times for children, young persons, 
and women employed in factories and workshops. 

Chap. 263, Acts.- Makes the first Monday of September, known as Labor's KoKday, a legal 
holiday. 

Chap. 269, Acts. — Amends an act providing lor a State l)oard of arbitration for the settlement of 
differences between employers and employees. 

Chap. 270, Acts. — Extends and regulates the liability of enii>loyers to make compensation for 
personal injuries suffered by employees in their service. 

Chap. 272, Acts. — Facilitates voting by employees. 

Chap. 280, Acts. — Relates to the employment of minors and women in manufaciuring and 
mechani(;al establishments. 

Chap. 361, Acts. — Regulates fines for imi»erftM't weaving. 

Chap. 422, Acts. — I'revents illegal i)e<ldling and begging by certain minors. 

Chap. 433, Acts. — Relates to the emi)loyment (»f minors who <'annot read ami write in the 
English language. 

Chap. 447, Acts. — Relates to the labor of the i>ri>oncri5 in the state ]»ri8on, refomiatorlei*, and 
houses of correction. 

1888. Chap. 22, Acts. — Defines the meaning of the words •* j-ontract for the labor (»f prifcon- 
ers" as used in chap. 447, Acts of lss7. 

Chap. 92, Acts. — Workingmen's Ituilding Assiniatioii iiicor|M. rated. 

Chap. 108, Acts. — Workingmen's Loan Association ini-orporated. 

Chap. 113, Acts.— Diviiles the (ii^tri<•t i)olice force into two department-*. 

Chap. 134, Acts.— Authorizes the incorjjoratlon of labor or trade (»rganizati<)n8. 

Chap. 149, Acts. — An Act to cause projjcr sanitary provisions and jiroper ventilation In jiublic 
buildings and schoolhouses. 

Chap, b').'), Acts.— Extends and regulates the liability of employers to niake compensation for 
personal injuries sufi"ered by em]>loyees in their service. 

Chap. 261, Acts.- Relates to the state board of arbitration and conciliation. 

Chap. 30o, Acts.- Relates to proper sanitary pmvislons in factories and woikshope. 

Chap. 316, Acts. — Regulates the erection and construction of certain buildings. 

Chap. 348, Acts.— Relates to the emi)loyment of children. 

Chap. 403, Acts. — Relates to the labor of iirisoners. 

Chap. 426, Acts. — Relates to ways of egress and means of escape from fire in certain buildings. 

Hon. Carroll D. Wright closed his connection with the bureau; appointed ConimUsloner of 
Labor of the United States. Horace G. Wadlln appointed chief. 

1889. Chap. 135, Acts. — Relates to the employment of minors who cannot read and write the 
English language. 

Chap. 181, Acts. — National Home Building Com])any incor]>orated. 
Frank H. Drown appointed second clerk vice William C. Hunt resigned. 

1890. Chap. 37, Acts. — Relates to the State directors in the Collateral Loan Company and the 
Workingmen's Loan Association. 

Chap. 63, Acts. — Relates to the taxation of co-operative l)anks. 

Chap. 83, Acts. — Relative to reports of accidents in factories and in manufacturing and mer- 
cantile establishments. 

Chap. 90, Acts. — Relates to emi)loyment of minors on elevators. 

Chap. 97, Acts. — Authorizes the publication of parts of reports of the Bureau of Statistics of 
Labor, when complete, before present^itlon of entire reports. 

Chap. 179, Acts. — Relates to providing means of communication between certain rooms in 
manufacturing establishments. 

Chap. 183, Acts. — Prohibits the employment of women and minors in manufacturing establish- 
ments, between the hours of ten o'clock at night and six o'clock in the morning. 




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History of Bureau and Labor Legislation. 13 

Chap. -Jin), Acts.— Relates to the age and schdoliuii- certiticates of chihiren em])loye(l in factories, 
workshops, and meirantile establishments. 

Chap. 810, Acts. — Relates to the business of co-operative banking. 

Chap. 375, Acts. — Constitutes nine hours a day's work for all laborers, workmen, and mechanics 
employed by or on behalf of the Commonwealth or any city or town therein. 

Chap. 384, Acts.— Provides that persons having children between eight and fourteen cause such 
children to attend school at least thirty weeks of the school year. 

Chap. 38o, Acts. — Relates to the State board of arbitration for the settlement of differences be- 
tween employers and their employees. 

1891. Chap, l-io. Acts. — Prohibits the imposition of fines or deductions of wages of employees 
engaged at weaving. 

Chap. 209, Acts. — Prohibits the employment of prisoners outside their places of confinement. 

Chap. 239, Acts. — Relates to the weekly payment of wages by corporations. 

Chap. 244, Acts. — Relates to the discharge of mechanics' liens. 

Chap. 302, Acts. — Relates to the district police force. 

Chap. 317, Acts. — Relates to the employment of minors who cannot read and write in the 
Knglish language. 

Chap. 350, Acts. — Constitutes nine hours a day's work for county employees. 

Chap. 357, Acts. — Prevents the manufacture and sale of clothing made in unhealthy places. 

Chap. 361, Acts. — Raises the compulsory school age to fifteen years in cities and towns where 
ojiportunity is given for industrial education. 

Chap. 371, Acts. — Relates to the employment of prisoners. 

Chap. 106, Resolves. — Provides for a commission to investigate the subject of manual training 
and industrial education. 

1892. Chap. S3, Acts. — Relates to the employment of women and minors for the purpose of 
manufacturing. 

Chap. 210, Acts. — Provides a form of complaint for violation of the laws regulating the em- 
pl<jyment of women and minors in manufacturing establishments. 

Chap. 270, Acts. — Relates to the payment for labor performed on buildings or public works 
owned by cities or towns. 

(hap. 330, Acts. — Provides a penalty for intimidating laborers. 

Chap. 352, Acts. — Relates to the employment of children. 

Chap. 357, Acts. — Relates to the hours of labor of minors and women employed in manufactur- 
ing and mechanical establishments. 

Chap. 382, Acts. — Relates to the duties and compensation of expert assistants appointed l)y the 
--'.ite Board of Arbitration and Conciliation. 

Chap. 410, Acts. — Prohibits the deduction of wages of employees engaged at weaving. 

Chap. 73, Resolves. — Provides for continuation of investigation into the subject of manual 
training and industrial education. 

1893. Chap. 47, Acts. — An Act to amend the law relative to fraternal beneficiary corporations 
IS to further the formation of such organizations among permanent employees of towns and 

Chap. 106, Acts. — Relates to the granting of licenses for carrying on offensive trades. 
Chap. 108, Resolves. — Provides for the codification of certain statutes which the inspection de 
IMirtinent of the district police is required to enforce. 

Chap. Ill, Acts. — Requires the chief of the district police to receipt for reports of accidents. 
Chap. 173, Acts. — Relative to notice in proceedings to enforce liens u])on personal property. 
Chap. 199, Acts.- Relates to the erection and construction of certain liuildings. 
Chap. 208, Acts. — Authorizes cities and towns to provide free evening lectures. 
Chap. 22.5, Acts. — Authorizes cities and towns to establish and maintain public playgrounds. 
Chap. 230, Acts. — Relative to the business of savings banks, institutions for savingw, and tru>t 
mpanies. 

Chap. 246, Acts. — Relates to the manufacture and sale of clothing made in unhealthy iilaces. 
Chap. 28.5, Acts. — Relates to actions commenced by trustee pro<*ess. 



14 History of Bureau and Labor Legislation. 

Chap. 293, Acts. — Relates to the construction, maintenance, and inspection of buildings in the 
city of Boston. 

Chap. 299, Acts. — People's Building Association incorporated. 

Chap. 321, Acts. — Relates to the admission of fi-aternal beneficiary organizations of other 
States. 

Chap. 359, Acts. — Relates to the liability of employers to make compensation for personal in- 
juries suffered by employees in their service. 

Chap. 386, Acts. — Constitutes ten hours in twelve consecutive hours a day's work for certain 
employees of street railway companies. 

Chap. 387, Acts. — Provides for the appointment of an additional district police officer for tem- 
porary service in the inspection of uninsured ])oilers. 

Chap, 401, Acts. — Provides for the payment of an allowance to families of firemen killed or 
fatally injured in the discharge of their duties. 

Chap. 406, Acts. — Relates to contracts requiring the em])l(\vment of manual labor made by or on 
behalf of the Commonwealth. 

Chap. 417, Acts. — An Act to codify and consolidate the laws relating to elections. 

Chap. 418, Acts. — Terminates the endowment business of fraternal beneficiary corporations. 

Chap. 443, Acts. — J*rotect8 persons in their labels, traile marks, and forms of a<ivertising. 

Chap. 477, Acts. — Relates to the licensing of i»hnnbcrs and the supervision of the business of 
plumbing. 

Resolutions relative to national legislation regulating the hours of labor of women an«l minors 
In textile manufacturing establishments. 

Resolutions relative to the Chinese Exclusion Act. 

Resolution relative to the estal)lishment of a government telegraph and telephone service. 

1894. Chap. 60, Acts.— An Act relative to the powers of fraternal beneficiary corporations 
which limit their membership to the permanent employees of the Commonwealth and of towns and 
cities. 

Chap. 81, Resolves. — I'rovides rooms for the Bureau of statistii's of Labor f(>r the purpose of 
taking the decennial census. 

Chap. 119, Acts. — For the i)rotection of the pul)lic health in the city of Boston. 

Chap. 180, Acts. — Relates to intelligence otlices. 

Chap. 224, Acts.— Provides for taking th»' decennial census of the Commonwealth l>y the Bureau 
of Statistics of Labor. 

Chap. 238, Acts. — Provides for the appointment of a b()ard to (-onsider the subject of the unem- 
ployed and measures for their relief. 

Chap. 285, Acts. — Protects persons, associations, or unions of persons in their labels, trade 
marks, and forms of advertising. 

Chap. 317, Acts. — An Act revising and consolidating the statutes relating to savings banks and 
institutions for savings. 

Chap. 320, Acts. — Relates to instruction in the use of tools and in cooking in the public schools. 

Chap. 332, Acts. — Provides for an investigation by the Bureau of statistics of Labor of the re- 
lation,of the liquor tratlic to crime, pauperism, and insanity. 

ClVap. 334, Acts. — Provides tor a special enumeration of cities and towns in certain cases. 

Chap. 341, Acts. — Provides for the better protection of human life in lodging houses in case of 
fire. 

Chap. 342, Acts. — Relates to loans by co-operative banks. 

Chap. 437, Acts. — Relates to the intimidation of laborers. 

Chap. 451, Acts. — Relates to contracts for prison labor. 

Chap. 455, Acts. — Relates to the licensing of plumbers and the supervision of the business of 
plum])ing. 

Chap. 460, Acts. — Relates to the employment of prisoners in the manufacture of reed or rattan 
goods. 

Chap. 471, Acts. — Provides for manual training in cities of more than twenty thousand ir 
habitants. 




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History of Bureau and Labor Legislation. 15 

Chap. 4>1. Acts. — Relates to tlKMiispection (lopartment of tluMlistrict police and the inspectiini 
of buildiniis. 

Chap. 41IS, Acts. — Relates to the attendance of children in the schools. 

Chap. 4lM>, Acts. — Relates to the liability of employers to make compensation iov personal in- 
juries suffered by employees in their service. 

Chap. .^)8, Acts. — Rciiulates the employment of labor. 

Chap. ^'2^, Acts. — Relates to itinerant vendors. 

Chap. r):^4, Acts. — Retiuires specifications to be furnished to persons employed in cotton fac- 
tories. 

Chap. 4;^, Resolves. — Resolve reciuiriuir Bureau of Statistics of Labor to investiirate the sub- 
ject of municipal employment bureaus. 

1895. Chap. 1-2H, Acts. — Relates to the employment of labor. 

Chap. 144, Acts. — Requires speciflcations to be furnished to persons employed in cotton, 
worsted, and woolen factories. 

Chap. 2*28, Acts. — Provides greater security against accidents from electric wires. 

Chap. 231), A(Hs. — Provides that tenement houses in the city of Boston shall have adequate open 
spaces. 

Chap. 21H>, Acts. — Authorizes the Bureau of Statistics of Labor to print and distribute a bul- 
letin. 

Chap. 376, Acts. — Authorizes the appointment of a registrar of labor. 

Chap. 4(>4, Acts.— Relates to the approval of sureties on bonds to dissolve mechanics' liens. 

Chap. 475, Acts. — Relates to the establishment of textile schools. 

Resolutions in favor of uniform hours of labor throughout the United States. 

1896. Chap. 9, Acts. — Relates to the decennial census to be taken by the Bureau of Statistics 
of Lal)or. 

Chap. 241, Acts. — Relates to the weekly payment of wages. 
Chap. 33-1, Acts. — Relates to the weekly payment of wages l)y contractors. 
Chap. 343, Acts. — Regulates the placing of traversing machinery in cotton factories. 
Chap. 41S, Acts. — Relates to bakeries and persons employed therein. 

Chap. 444, Acts. — Facilitates the collection of small debts for manual work or labor performed. 
Chap. 449, Acts. —Relates to the employment of laborers in the cities of the Commonwealth. 
Chap. 494, Acts. — Relates to the employment of mechanics and laborers on iniblic works. 
Resolutions relative to an amendment to the Constitution of the United States enabling Congress 
In enact laws regulating the hours of labor. 

1897. Chap. o-2, Resolves. — Provides for a special report on the various methods of employing 
l>risoners on public works and lauds. 

Chap. 10,1, Acts. — Makes appropriation for carrying out the provisions of the act relating to the 
employment of labor in the prisons of the Commonwealth. 

Chap. 161, Acts. — Relates to co-operative lianks. 

Chap. 221, Acts.— Authorizes the city of Boston to establish public gymnasia. 

Chap. 23.1, Acts. — Relates to the Boston Co-operative Building Company. 

Chap. 26.5, Acts. — Relates to the licensing of gas litters and to the supervision of the business of 
_as fitting in the city of Boston. 

Chap. 273, Acts. — Relates to marking the carrying ca])acity of lighters or other vessels en«- 
ployed in transporting stone, gravel, or sand. 

Chap. 328, Acts.— Relates to the registration by the civil service commissioners of applicants 
for labor. 

Chap. 343, Acts. — Relates to the licensing of conductors, drivers, and despatchers of street cars 
.h the city of Boston. 

Chap. 344, Acts. — Relates to the adulteration of food. 

Chap. 374, Acts. — Relates to the sup])ort of the poor in towns. 

Chap. 412, Acts. — Relates to ])rison labor. 

Chap. 416, Acts. — Authorizes action- of tort airain-t gas and electric li-lit cnrpoiations for the 
-9 of life by negligence. 



16 History of Bureau and Labor Legislation. 

Chap. 430, Acts. — Provides for the employment of two special agents in the Bureau of Statistics 
of Labor, and e8ta])lishes salaries therein. 

Chap. 434, Acts. — Relates to the labor of prisoners in the jails and at the State farm. 

Chap. 452, Acts. — Requires street railway companies to enclose the platforms of cars during- 
certain months of the year. 

Chap. 480, Acts. — Relates to the employment of prison labor in the industry of cane-seating 
and in the manufacture of umbrellas. 

Chap. 491, Acts. — Relates to the liability of employers to make compensation for personal in- 
juries suffered by employees in their service. 

1898. Chap. 68, Acts. — Relates to the decennial census. 

Chap. 145, Acts. — Makes an appropriation for the establishment of a textile school In the city of 
New Bedford. 

Chap. 150, Acts. — Relates to the manufacture and sale of clothing made in unhealthy places. 

Chap. 167, Acts. — Relates to the inspection of steam boilers. 

Chap. 188, Acts. — Women Clerks' Benefit Association of Boston incorporated. 

Chap. 233, Acts. — Authorizes the Boston Co-operative Building (■omi)any to hold additional 
real and personal estate. 

Chap. 247, Acts.— Relates to co-operative banks. 

Chap. 277, Acts.- Relates to the labor of prisoners in jails and houses of corre<'tion. 

Chap. 307, Acts. — Relates to the employment of prisoners of the Massachusetts Reformatory 
upon lands and buildings owned by the Commonwealth. 

Chap. 334, Acts.— l*rovides for the emi)loyinent of prisoners in making goods for the use of the 
prisons and other pu]>lic institutions. 

Chap. 365, Acts. — Relates to em])loying prisoners in jireparing road material by hand labor. 

Chap. 367, Acts. — Authorizes the granting of half holidays to public employees. 

Chap. 393, Acts. — Relates to reclaiming and improving waste and unused land with the labor of 
prisoners from jails and houses of correction. 

Chap, 402, Acts. — Provides for an investigation of Sunday labor. 

Chap. 481, Acts. — Extends the operation of the law relative to the weekly payment of wages. 

Chap. 494, Acts. — Regulates the employment of labor. 

Chap. 505, Acts. — Prohibits deductions in the wages of women and minors emj>loyed in manu- 
facturing and mechanical establishments. 

Chap. 545, Acts. — Relates to contracts for the conditional sale of personal property. 

Chap. 559, Acts. — Relates to poor delator proceedings. 

Chap. 565, Acts. — Relates to the liability of ])ersons and corporations for negligence resulting 
In the death of persons not in their employ. 

Chap. 78, Resolves. — Resolve instructing the Bureau of Statistics of Labor to investigate the 
subject of labor and co-operative insurance. 

Chap. 96, Resolves. — Resolve in favor of the Lowell Textile School. 

Resolutions relative to an amendment to the National Constitution enabling Congress to enact 
laws regulating the hours of labor. 

The bureau moved from the Claflin Building, 20 Beacon St., to rooms in the new annex to the 
State House. 

1899. Chap. 199, Acts. — Relates to mechanical and manufacturing corporations. 
Chap. 238, Acts. — Relates to collection agencies. 

Chap. 246, Acts. — Authorizes the establishment of vacation schools. 

Chap. 247, Acts. — Extends the application of the law relative to the weekly payment of wages. 

Chap. 299, Acts. — Relates to the establishment of textile schools. 

Chap. 300, Acts. — Authorizes the city of Fall River to incur indebtedness for a textile school 
beyond the limit fixed by law. 

Chap. 344, Acts. — Makes eight hours a day's work for city and town employees. 

Chap. 359, Acts. — Relates to the registration and protection of labels, trade marks, stamps, and 
forms of advertisements. 




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History of Bureau and Labor Legislation. 17 

C liap. of^8. Acts. — Relates to the lieensiiiir of eiiirineers and lirenien 

Chap. 3i^, Acts. — flakes an appropriation for the employment of prisoners in makimr i:i>o(ls 
for the use of pubhc institutions. 

Chap. 31U. Acts. — Provides for part payment of taxes and of certain claims auain^t cities an<l 
towns. 

Chap. 413, Acts. — Relates to the employment of minors. 

Chap. 417. Acts. — l*rovides for the payment of an allowance to families of certain persons not 
liivmen, but who aiv killed or fatally injured while doing tire duty. 

Chap. 468, Acts. — Exempts certain trades unions from the laws relative to fraternal heneticiary 
organizations. 

Chap. 5o, Resolves. — In favor of the Lowell Textile School. 

Chap. o7. Resolves. — Directs the Board of Railroad Commissioners to investigate and report on 
the rates charged by railroads within the Commonwealth for the transportation of passengers, 
l»icycles, and baggage. 

Chap. 76, Resolves. — Relates to reidaiming and improving waste and unused land with the 
labor of prisoners from jails and houses of correction. 

Chap. i<3. Resolves. — Relates to the participation of the Commonwealth in the International 
Exposition at Paris. 

Resolutions relative to the proposed Constitutional amendment giving Congress authority to es- 
I tabiish uniform hours of lal)or in manufactories. 

I 1900. Chap. .!<), Acts. — Relates to the establishment of the International Institute for girls in 
I Spain. 

Chap. 166, Acts. — Authorizes cities and towns to provide free evening lectures. 

Chap. 108, Acts. — Relates to the rate of interest on overdue taxes. 

Chap. 171, Acts. — Authorizes the city of Boston to establish and maintain an industrial school. 

Chap. 183, Acts. — Authorizes the making of insurance upon the health of individuals. 

Chap. 18.0, Acts. — Permits beneficiary corporations organized under the laws of the Dominion 
■ . Canada or any province thereof to ti'ansact business in this Commonwealth. 

Chap. 191, Acts. — Relates to the trustee process. 

Chap. 197, Acts. — Relates to the transportation of scholars of the public schools by street rail- 
way companies. 

Chap. 201, Acts. — Relates to the licensing of engineers and firemen. 

Chap. 218, Acts. — Relates to the length of the school year in certain towns. 

Chap. 220, Acts. — Authorizes cities to indemnify police officers and members of fire departments 
for damages sustained or expenses incurred in the discharge of their duties. 

Chap. 223, Acts. — Requires railroad companies to equip their cars with platform gate-. 

Chap. 237, Acts. — Provides for a public school teachers' retirement fund in the city of Boston. 

Chap. 239, Acts. — Provides for an appeal from orders of inspei'tors of factories and puldic 
I buildings. 

Chap. 246, Acts. — Authorizes cities to pension firemen. 

Chap. 2.16, Acts. — Relates to mechanics' liens for the removal of buildings and other structure-. 

Chap. 261*, Acts. — Relates to the employment of prisoners in making goods for public use. 

Chap. 281, Acts. — Relates to the office hours of clerks of police, district, and municipal courts. 

Chap. 282, Acts. — Prohibits corporations from requiring bonds of their employees in certain cases. 

I Chap. 29s, Acts. — Relates to passenger fares on certain morning and evening trains on rail- 
roads entering the city of Boston. 
Chap. 306, Acts. — Relates to the pensioning of members of the police department of the city of 
I Boston. 

Chaps. 314, 315, and 322, Acts. — Authorizes certain street railway comi)anies to carry the United 
States mail, and to act as common carriers of baggage and small parcels of mendiandise. 

Chap.:^2.% Acts. — Relates to the manufacture and sale of textile fabrics and papers containing 
arsenic. 

Chap. .33.1, Acts.— Provitles for the protection t»f human life in the case of fire or panic. 



18 History of Bureau and Labor Legislation. 

Chap. 349, Acts. — Increases the representation of the city of Lowell in the trustees of the 
Lowell Textile School corporation. 

Chap. 357, Acts.— Relates to the hours of labor for city and town employees. 

Chap. 376, Acts. — Relates to the sale of real estate for the payment of taxes. 

Chap. 378, Acts. — Relates to the hours of labor of women and minors in mercantile establish- 
ments. 

Chap. 395, Acts. — Relates to railroad fares in the suburban district of Boston. 

Chap. 414, Acts, — Requires street railway companies to enclose the platforms of cars during 
certain months of the year. 

Chap. 425, Acts.— Relates to the hours of labor of employees of county jails and houses of 
correction. 

Chap. 446, Acts. — Extends the time for giving notices under the employers' liability act to 60 days. 

Chap. 448, Acts. — Regulates the sale of ice. 

Chap. 469, Acts. — Relates to the employment of laborers on jtubllc works. 

Chap. 470, Acts. — Relates to the weekly payment of wages by the Commonwealth and its 
officers. 

Chap. 22, Resolves. — Resolve to authorize advances of money to the board of Paris Exposition 
managers. 

Chap. 72, Resolves.— In favor of the New Iledford Textile School. 

Chap. 73, Resolves. — Resolve to provide for the erecti«»n of buildings ft>r tlie Lowell Textile 
School. 

Chap. 76, Resolves.- In favor of the Lowell Textile School. 

Chap. 104, Resolves.- Relative to the Pan-Ameriwin Exposition to be held in tlie city ("f 
Buffalo, New York. 

1901. Chap. 80, Acts. — Relates to Sunday work by bootblacks. 

Chap. 106, Acts. — Relates to the emi)loyment of convicts on the jireniiftcs ot the Mate prison. 

Chap. 113, Acts.- Requires the posting of time tables in mercantile establishments. 

Chap. 164, Acts. — Piohibits the employment of min(>rs under eighteen years of age in the manu- 
facture of certain acids. 

Chap. 166, Acts. — Provides for the better protection of workmen on iron or steel framed 
buildings. 

Chap. 370, Acts. — Relates to specifications to be furnished to persons employed In cotton, 
woolen, and worsted factories. 

Chap. 42, Resolves.- In favor of the New Bedford Textile School. 

Chap. 70, Resolves. — Resolve to provide for the erection of a building or buildings for the use 
of the Lowell Textile School. 

Chap. 71, Resolves. — In favor of Lowell Textile School. 

Chap. 88, Resolves. — In favor of the Bradford Durfee Textile School of Fall River. 

1902. Chap. 120, Acts. — Relates to private contributions for the Lowell Textile School. 
Chap. 183, Acts. — Relates to the employment of Illiterate minors. 

Chap. 322, Acts. — Requires manufacturing establishments to supply their employees with pure 
drinking water during working hours. 

Chap. 350, Acts. — Relates to the operation and custod}' of elevators. 

Chap. 384, Acts. — Relates to the time allowed for voting to the employees of certain establish- 
ments. 

Chap. 430, Acts. — Relates to the insignia of labor unions. 

Chap. 435, Acts. — Relates to the employment of women and children in manufacturing and 
mechanical establishments. 

Chap. 437, Acts.— Provides annuities for the widows and minor children of members of police 
departments of certain cities. 

Chap. 450, Acts. — Relates to the payment of wages. 

Chap. 494, Acts. — Provides for the appointment of additional commissioners to further the 
adoption by the States of a uniform law making eight hours a legal day's labor. 



Digest of Bureau Reports. 19 

Chap. -21, Resolves. — In favor of the Lowell Textile School. 

Chap. 4.1, Resolves. — Resolve to authorize the Bureau of Statistics of Kahor \r print and <lis- 
tribute two thousaud copies of the laws relatiuir to lal)or. 

Chap. 7i>, Resolves. — In favor of the New Bedford Textile School. 

Resolutions relative to an amendment to the Constitution of the I'nitcd States enablinir 
Congress to enact laws regulating hours of labor. 

1903. Chap. 13-1, Acts. — Relates to the equipment of certain cars of street railway comi>anie8. 

Chap. 275, Acts.— Relates to the registration of the insignia, riV)bons, rosettes, or buttons of 
labor unions. 

Chap. 301, Acts. — Relates to ways of egress from buildings in the city of Boston. 

Chap. 332, Acts. — Relates to certain fraternal beneticiary corporations. 

Chap. 475, Acts. — Requires the use of fans or blowers in all places where emery or l)uHing 
wheels or belts are used. 

Chap. 19, Resolves. — In favor of the New Bedford Textile School. 

Chap. 20, Resolves. — In favor of the Bradford Durfee Textile School of Fall River. 

Chap. 21, Resolves. — In favor of Lowell Textile School. 

Chap. 70, Resolves. — Resolve to direct the Bureau of Statistics of Labor to consider the expe- 
diency of establishing free employment otlices. 

Chap. SI, Resolves. — Resolve relative to the reclamation of waste or unused land l)y the lal)or 
of im toners. 

Chap. 87, Resolves. — Resolve to provide for the appointment of a committee to consider and 
rei>ort on the law& concerning the legal relations between employers and employees. 

Horace G. Wadlin resigned aa chief of the Bureau of Statistics of Labor. Charles F. Pidgin 
appointed as his successor. Frank H. Drown appointed first clerk, and William G. Grundy second 
clerk. 

The chief of the bureau recommended that the bureau be authorized to print a monthly report 
to be entitled The Labor and Industrial Report of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in place of 
the annual Bureau report, Annual Statistics of Manufactures, and the quarterly Labor Bulletin. 

PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU. 

Digest of Bureau Reports: By Subjects. 

Abandoned farms in Massachusetts — J 800. 

Accidents — 1S72. 

Agricultural labor — J 870. 

Annual report of the Chief to the legislature — lOO'J. 

Appendix : containing replies to blanks, extracts therefrom, testimony and remarks, with Ktatit^tical 
tables; summary of laws relating to labor, and catalogue of V»ooks upon labor — 7S70. 

Appendix: history of the Bureau of Statistics of Labor, and of labor legislation in MasKachui-ietts, 
1833-1876—7576'. 

Art in industry — Jssfj. 

Canadian French in New England — JS82. 

Changes in conducting retail trade in Boston, since 1S74 — 180f). 

Children in factories— 7.s77. 

Children in factories, their employment and schooling — IS70. 

Chinese labor — hS7'J. 

Citizens and aliens — 1888. 

Citizenship ~ 1882. 

Classified weekly wages — 1880. 

Combination — 187 1. 

Combination by guilds — 1871 . 

Combinations by trades-unions — ls7 1 . 



i 



20 Digest of Bureau Reports. 

Comparative condition of manufactureB and labor, 1875 and 1877 — 1S78. 
Comparative prices and cost of living : 1860-1883. Massachusetts and Great Britain — 18S4. 
Comparative rates of wages and hours of labor in Massachusetts and foreign countries— 1874. 
Comparative table showing cost of groceries, provisions, and articles of clothing and dry goods in 
1861 and 1873 — 7(^74. 

Comparative wages : 1880-1883; Massachusetts and G-reat Britain — JSiS'4. 
Comparative wages and prices : 1860-1883; Massachusetts and Great Britain — /<s'.sv». 
Comparative wages and prices, 1860-1897 — ISfJj. 

Compensation in certain occupations of graduates of colleges for women — l.'^if4. 
Condition of employes — I88tJ. 
Condition of operatives in factory towns — 181 "2. 

Condition of textile fabric manufactories in Massachusetts, and digest of lawn relative to machinery 
and sanitarj' matters — 1874. 

Condition of workingmen — 1808^ 1800. 

Condition of workingmen's families — 18To. 

Conjugal condition, nativities, and ages of married women and mothers — 1878. 

Convict labor — 7870, J 880. 

Co-operation— 7 (V7 7, 1873, 187o, 1877. 

Co-operative distribution in Great Britain — 7(.S<s7;. 

Cost of living - 7<977, 1872, 1873, 1874. 

Cotton manufacturing— 1870. 

Daily working time — 1880. 

Distribution of wealth; probates — 1804. 

Divorces in Massachusetts, 1860-1878 - 18S(t. 

Early factory labor in New England — 1883. 

Education — 1873. 

Education and employment of young persons ami ciiildrcn, anil ilige^t of American and European 
laws relative to the subject — 1874. 

Education and half-time schools— 1872. 

Education and labor of the young: the half-time system — J 878. 

Education of working children — 187o. 

Employers' liability for personal injuries to tlieir employes — I ss3. 

Factory legislation — 187n. 

Factory system — 1870. 

Facts bearing on the ten-hour argument — 1S7 1 . 

Fall River, Lowell, and Lawrence — J8S2. 

Food consumption. Quantities, cost, and nutrients of food materials — issf;. 

Foreign statistics and opinions — 1870. 

Friendly societies — 1871. 

Graded prices : Massachusetts, other United States, and foreign countries, lsi6-iS91 — I'.tno. 

Graded weekly wages — 180o, ISOG, 1807, 1808. 

Growth of manufactures — 1878, 1880. 

Half-time schools— 1871. 

Health statistics of female college graduates — /<S5J. 

Historical review of wages and prices : 1752-1860 — 188o . 

Homes for women — 1874. 

Homes of low-paid laborers in the city of Boston — 1870. 

Homes of the middle class — 1870. 

Homes of the working classes — 1872. 

Hours of factory labor — 1871. 

Hours of labor - 1871, 1872, 1873, 1870, 1808, 1890, * 1001, 1 1902. 

* For 1900 and nine months of 1901. t For year ending Sept. 30, 1902. 



1 



Digest of Bureau Reports. 21 

Hours of labor in Europe — 1S77. 

Increase in wages in cotton, woollen, and worsted mills; 1861 compared with 1873 — IS74. 

Index to reports : 1870-1889, twenty years — 7,s\s'.'y. 

Industrial arbitration and conciliation — ISSl. 

Industrial arbitration and conciliation in England and Massachusetts — 7S77. 

Influence of intemperance upon crime — ISS 1 . 

Insurance of workingmen — 7 !/()(*. 

Intemperance — 70>r^>, 7S7I. 

Labor and its attendant legislation — 1S7(K 

Labor and legislation in Massachusetts — 1S70. 

Labor chronology — lS!/3, 1S94, ISfJo, 1S06, 1S07, 1S08, ISOO, * 1001, f 100'^. 

Labor laws of Massachusetts — ISUO^ 1901, 

Labor legislation — 1S70, 1899, * 1901. 

Labor legislation, 1899 — 1S9S. 

Markets, transportation, imports, exports, and competition — 1889. 

Massachusetts manufactories : persons employed in each story, and their means of escape in case of 
tire— 1877. 

Memorial, Henry Kemble Oliver — 1886. 

Mercantile wages and salaries — 1902, 

Motive power of Massachusetts ; or, the labor of the sun — 1877. 

Nativities, ages, and illiteracy of farmers, farm laborers, skilled workmen in manufactures and 
mechanical industries, and unskilled laborers — 1878. 

Net profits in manufacturing industries — 1890. 

Origin and development of industrial questions — 1870. 

Origin of labor movement — 1870. 

Ownership of property — 1873. 

Pauperism and crime — 1877. 

Population of Massachusetts, 1890; from the eleventh United States Census — 1890. 

Population of Massachusetts, 1900; from the twelfth L'nited States Census — 1900. 

Foverty — 1871, 1873. 

Prices and the cost of living — 1901. 

Prices of provisions, clothing, rent, etc., in Massachusetts and Europe; purchase power of money — 
1874. 

Profits and earnings : 2,440 establishments — 1883. 

Profit sharing— i.S'<^ 6". 

Pullman — J. sV?o. 

Purchasing power of wages — 1872. 

Relation of the liquor traftic to pauperism, crime, and insanity — 1893. 

Relation of waees to the cost of production — is 89. 

Relative importance of private establishments and corporations in manufacturing industries — 1878. 

Relative to professional men — 1874. 

Salary receivers (9,554 " individual" returns) — 1876, 

Sanitary condition of working people in their homes and employments — 1874. 

Savings and savings banks — Is 73. 

Savings banks— JS72, 1874. 

School savings banks — 1879. 

Schools for factory children — 1872. 
', Sex in industry — 1902, 

Social and industrial changes in the county of Barnstable — 1896. 

Social life of workingmen — J 8 so. 

Special effects of certain forms of employment upon female health — 1873. 



For 1900 and nine months of 1001. t For year ending Sept. 30, 1902. 



22 Annual Statistics of Manufactures. 



Statements and experiences of workingmen — 18 77 . 

Statistics of crime : 1860-1879 — 1880. 

Statistics of drunkenness and liquor selling : 1870-1879 — 1881, 

Statistics of drunkenness and liquor selling under prohibitory and license'legislation : 1874 and 1*77 

— 1870. 

Statistics relating to Massachusetts from the United States Censu;* of 1870 — 1S74. 

Strikes - 1871, 1872, 1880. 

Strikes and lockouts — 1888, * 1001, f 1002. 

Sunday labor ~ 7<9<^o, 1808. 

Tenement house census of Boston — 1801, 1S02. 

Tenement houses or homes of low-paid laborers in Boston — 187 1 . 

Testimony at hearings before the Bureau — 1870. 

Testimony of workingmen — 1870. 

The afflicted classes : blind, deaf, dumb, idiotic, and insane — 7>77. 

The insolvency of workingmen — 1870. 

The unemployed; from the State Census of 1885 — lss7. 

The unemployed in Massachusetts, June and November, 1878 — 1S7 0. 

The wage system and its results — 1870. 

The working girls of Boston — 1884 

Time and wages : 207,793 employes — 7883. 

Trades unions — 1808, 1800, * 1001, \ 7002. 

Truck system — 7872. 

Unemployment — 7 803. 

Uniform hours of labor— 7881 . 

Wage receivers (71,339 '* individual" returns) — /s7/;. 

Wages — 7<y.V<9, 7800, * 7001. t 10O2. 

Wages and earnings — 187 1, 7872, 1873. 

Wages and prices : 1860, 1872 and 1878 — IS70. 

Wages, prices, and profits : 1860, 1872, 187S, and 1881 — ISS'J. 

Weekly payments — 1870. 

Women in industry — 1880. 

Work and home life of factory operatives, their earnings, etc. — 1 >>7 1. 

Workingmen's social and industrial benefits — * lool , \ 10(i2. 

Workingmen's statistics — 7872. 

Subjects Considered in the Annual Statistics of >Ianufactures — 1880-1902. 

A naly ses . 7 cS\s" G-7 002. 

Business done, proportion of: by industries, 1 S8(i-10(t2. 

Busy season, the : by industries. 1889, 1890 — 18'.Ht. 

Capital invested, comparison of. Same establishments; for five years, lS86-189i} — 180O, 

Capital invested : by industries. 1 880-1 0<r2. 

Comparisons : 1885, 1900. The 1900 figures taken from advance Bulletins of the United States Census 

— 7001. 

Days in Operation: by industries 7<'^iSY; 1902. 

Employment and Unemployment, range of. 188fi-10(f2. 

Earnings, average yearly : by industries. 7886-1002. 

Earnings, comparison of average yearly. Same estaV)lishments ; for the five years, 1886 1890 — 180o. 

Goods made, comparison of; same establishments ; for the 10 years, 1S86-1895 — 780o. 

Goods made, comparison of; same establishments; for the five years, 1891-1895 — 789o. 

Goods made, comparison of; same establishments; for the 10 years, 1885-1894 — 1894. 

* For 1900 and nine months of 1901. t For year ending Sept 30. 1902. 



ij 




a 
© 



71 



c8 



Index to Labor Bulletin. 



23 



Goods made, comparison of; same establishments; for the live years, 1890-1894 — IS!f4. 

Goods made, comparison of quantities and values of, 1889, 1890 — 7S!)(). 

Goods made, comparison of; same establishments; for the years, 1886, 1890— JS.'fO. 

Goods made, comparison of value of by establishments producing: a low, medium, and ^litjh ccrade of 
product value, 1885-1890 — 1S90. 

Industrial chronology. 1S90-1002. 

Manufactures, general statistics of: by industries, lSSG-1890. 

Persons employod : by industries, by months. IS00-IS99. 

Persons employed ; percentages of employment and unemployment; nine leading industries. 1S99- 
1902. 

Persons employed, average, smallest, and greatest number of : by industries. 1886 — 19<rj. 

Private firms and corporations; partners and stockholders : by industries. 1886— 19()'J. 

Product per employe, comparison of average annual ; same establishments; for the five years, 1880- 
1890- J.S.W. 

Product, comparative : by establishments, 1885, 1886, 1887; 188G, 1887, 1888; 1887, 1888, 1889. 

Stock used : by industries. 18S6-1902. 

Stock used and goods made in 81 industries, descriptive classification of. (Introduction) — ISSS. 

Stock used, comparison of quantities and values of: bj* industries, 1889, 1890 — 1890. 

Summary. 1886-1902. 

Textile industries, the : early history, statistics of manufactures, production and consumption, spin- 
dles, looms, etc. — 1898. 

Wages, classified weekly : by industries. 1890, 1891. 

Wages paid : by industries. 1886-1902. 

Index to the Labor Bulletin of the Commonwealth of 3Iassachusetts. 
Nos. 1 to 28. 1897-1903. 



Classification of Subjects. 



Number 



Accidents, industrial 

Belgium, 

Belgium, 

Great Britain, 

Massachusetts, 

Mas^aciuisetts, 

New York, 

New York, 

Accidents in the United Kingdom, 
Accidents, railway 

Great Britain, * 

United St^ites, 

Accidents to employes in Massachusetts, . 
Accidents to workingnien in France, . 

Aliens and citizenship, 

Aliens in industry, 

Aliens in Massachusetts, 

American cottons in India and China, 
American goods in foreign markets, . 
American tobacco trust in Germany, . 
Arbitration and conciliation, . .* . 
Arbitration and conciliation in Italy, . 
Australian railway employes strike act of 11X)8, 
Average persons to a family, .... 



1901 
1908 
1902 
190-> 
1908 
1902 
1902 
15K)0 



1908 
1908 
1897 
1900 
1908 
1908 
1902 
1S9S 
1899 
1908 
1S97 
1908 
11K)8 
1908 



Beet sugar in the United States, manufacture of 11K)1 

Belgian old age i)ensions, 1".H)8 

Bleaching, new method of I'.xio 



17 
2.1 
21 
21 
25 
21 



28 

2S 

4 

16 

28 
27 
21 

S 

9 

28 

8 

28 

28 



17 

2S 
14 



24 



Index to Labor Bulletin. 



Classification of Subjects, 



Boycotting in Alabama, act of 19(J3 relating thereto 

Building association premiums, 

Bur aus of Labor Statistics created in : 

Louisiana, 

The rhilii)i)ines, 

Canadian trade with the Uniterl States, 

Candy manufacturing in France, 

Chari^ty statistics, a study of 

Child labor: 

Illinois, 

JNIassachusette 

Texas, 

Virginia, 

Various states, 

Child labor l)ill for Georgia, i)roi>o8ed 

Child labor, laws relating to 

Children at work in (ieniiany, 

Children's savings l)anks in 'Germany, 

Chinese in ^fassai^husetts, 

Chinese in INIassachusetts, 

Chinese in Massachusetts, 

Cities in INIassMcimsi'tts, general statistics of 

Citizenship — .Japanese, 

Classes occupied in Massachusetts niauutacturc-, 

Coal, AuK'i-icMM exportation ol" 

Coal famine in (ieruiany, 

Coal mining in Pennsylvania, 

Coal, ])roduction of, iii 

Illinois, 

United States, 

United States, 

Coal, receipts of, at Boston, 

Coercion and blacklisting act (d' Texas, T.Hi:;, 

Collateral legacy taxes, 

Collater;il legacy and succession tax in Massacliu>«'tt- 
Compulsor\ arbitration : 

New Soilth Wales, 

New Zealand, 

Com])ulsory education — rights of parents, 
Compulsory scliool age in Kngl.'ind, .... 
Conjugal condition — M.'issachusetts, .... 
Con.iugal condition of women employed in restaurant 
Contracts with workingmen u])on ]>ublic w«)rk, 
Co-operation : 

Great Britain, 

Italy 

Cost of living (see em])loyment and earnings). 

Cotton ginning, . . '. 

Cotton industry, the 

Cotton manufacturing in ^lassachusetts, . 

Cotton mills in Japan, 

Crime statistics, 



Deaths in Germany, 

Density of ])opulation of Lancashire and Massachusett 
Density of ])opulation in :Massachusetts, . 
Dependents u])on public or i>rivate charity. 
Discrimination against nation;il guardsmen. New York 
Domestic service^ objections to 

Earnings, comparison in live leading industries, 

Editorials : 

Index to Labor Bulletins, Nos. 1 to 28, inclusive, 
Notice of removal, 



pai 
of] 



Year 



1902 
11 ♦01 

\\m 

\\m 
h>02 
iMn» 



Number 



28 
21 



21 
12 



\\m 


28 




wm 


17 




1H03 


28 




11K)8 


28 




11I02 


21 




ii«o:i 


28 




l'H« 


26 




IIKIH 


25 




11M>2 


•22 




11«>2 


21 




11103 


'25 




llNhS 


26 




li»ni 


20 




11NI.3 


•27 




11 102 


24 




IlKKl 


14 




llMK) 


14 




I1MI3 


28 




IHf»2 


21 




IIHH) 


14 




1 1100 


16 




I1H13 


25 




11103 


28 




IINIS 


25 




v.m 


13 




11»02 


21 




llHIl 


20 




lin>3 


27 




r.Hd 


17 




ll»03 


27 




IIHH 


17 




18SW 


10 




11*02 


22 




11>02 


22 




11»01 


17 




isy; 


2 




1S9S 


5 




11K)2 


22 




UKX) 


16 




IIKK) 


16 




IIKX) 


14 




llKd 


17 




11H>3 


25 




U»03 


28 




1SU8 


8 




11K)1 


17 




19a3 


'28 




1898 


' 






Index to Labor Bulletin. 



25 



Classification of Subjects. 



Year 



Number 



E<Utorials — Con. 

Reasons for a '* laV)or bulletin," 

State Census of 1895, 

Labor chronoloiTv, 

Education in Enirland and Wales, free 

Education in Javan, 

Educational institutions in the United States, 
Eight-hour day in irovernnient service in Franc 
Eiirht-hour law in Spain, .... 
Eiirht-hour inovenient. historical note of the 
Eiirht-hour workinir day for city employes, 
Eniiirrants from Ireland, .... 
Emigration from Italv to the United States, 
Employers' liability and co-operative insurauc 
Employers' liability law in: 

France, 

Mar viand, 

Montana, 1903 

Empiovment and earnings, review of, for: 

October, 1897, to January, 1898, 

Februarv to May, 1898, .... 

Quarter ending September, 1898, . 

Quarter ending January, 189?), . 

Quarter ending April, 1899, 

Quarter ending July, 1899, 

Quarter ending October, 1899, . 

Quarter endinir January 31, 1900, 

Quarter ending April 30, 19(X), . 

Quarter ending July 30, 1900, . 

Quarter ending October 31, 1900, 

Six months ending April 30, 1901, . 

Six months ending ( )ctober 31, 1901, 

Six months ending April 30, llK)-2, . 

Six months ending October 31, 1902, 

Six months ending April 30, 1903, . 

Six months ending October 31, 1903, 
Empiovment and unemployment: 

Boot and shoe and paper industries, 

Textile industries, 

Empiovment and unemnloyment in Pans, 
Empiovment of married women in London, 
Empiovment of women and children in Italy, 
English legislation in liXMi, .... 

Factory inspection : 

Amsterdam, I81i9, 

Michigan, 1901, • 
Familv ex])enses of Danish workingmen, . 
Foreign ])arentage in Massachusetts, . 
Free employment oflices: 

Bavaria, 

Marvland, 

New York, 

Various states, 

Various suites. 

Paris, 

Free text ])Ooks, Utah, 

French skilled workmen for the United States, 

Garnishment of wages, 

Home ownership in Massachusetts, . 

Hours of labor, 

Hours of labor in domestic service, 



in ]Marv 



and, propose 



1897 
1897 
1897 
11K)1 
1903 
1900 
1903 
1903 
1901 
1903 

v.m 
v.m 

1902 

1903 
1903 
1903 

1898 
1898 
1898 
1899 
1899 
1899 
1899 
1900 
1900 
1900 

urn 

1901 
1901 
1<M)2 
1902 
1903 
1903 

1900 
1900 
1900 
1902 
1902 
190(1 



1902 
1902 
li)03 
1903 

1900 
1903 

v,m 
V.m 
v.m 

1902 
11K»3 
11MI3 

1903 

1S98 
IS97 
1898 



1 
1 
1 

17 
28 
16 
26 
26 
20 
25 
28 



25 
26 

28 



8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
18 
20 
22 
24 
26 
28 

14 
13 
16 
22 
22 
16 



21 
22 
25 



16 
26 
21 
14 



28 



26 



Index to Labor Bulletin. 



Classification of ScBJiiCTS. 


Year | Number 


Hours of labor of railway employes, Arkansas Act of 1908, .... 

Household aid company, Boston,' 

Household expenses, * 

Illitenicy in Boston, 

Illiteracy in Massachusetts, - 

Immi<^nition act of the United States, 

Immigration, alien 

Immigration into: 

Boston, 1900, 

Boston, 1901, 


ill iill lliiiiiiliiiiil 11 liliiiii iiiiliiiiiiii 


28 
28 
15 

27 
21 
27 
16 

16 
22 


Boston, 1902, 

United States, 11K)2, 

United States, 1902, 

Imports and exi)orts of merchandise in United States, l'.>02 

Imports and exports at the ]iort of Boston in r,K>2, 

Improvement ot the slums in London, 

Indian ])opulation of the United States, 

Industrial agreenu^nts, 

Industrial ])oi)ulati()n of Massachusetts, distrilmtion «)1 

Industrial studies — agriculture, 

Inheritance tax, Utah, 

Insurance against unemployment in (ihent, 

Iron and steel, . . . ' 

Labor Bureau, Worcester, 

Labor conditions — German /-.s'. American, 

Labor considered in the latest rei)ort8 of American statistical bureaus, list 

of subjects pertaining to 

I^abor day, 

Labor disturbances in 1897, foreign 

Labor in British mines and ({uarries 

Labor in Hawaii, organized 

Lal)or in New South Wales, 

Labor in New Zealand, 

Labor laws of Porto Rico, 

Labor legislation : 

Arizona aud Arkansas, 1903, 

Germanv, 

Genua nV, 1902, 

Georgia, liM)3, 

Illinois, 1903 

Indiana, 1903, 

Massachusetts, 1900, 

Massachusetts, 1901, 

Massachusetts, 1903, 

Nevada, 1903, 

New York, 1903 

Tennessee, 1901, 

Utah, 1903 ... . . 


2o 
27 
'25 

26 

17 
28 
21 
28 
28 
21 
16 

28 

28 

15 
27 
10 

28 
27 
28 
28 
27 

28 
22 
28 
28 
28 
28 
15 
19 
27 
28 
2S 
21 
28 


Labor legislation of 1897 relating to hours of labor and to the em])loyment 
of women and children ... . . 


1898 


fj 


Labor legislation of 1898, 

Labor legislation of 1899 aifecting hours of labor, 

Labor legislation of 1900 affecting hours of labor, 

Labor otUce in Italy, bill for creation of 

Labor ollice in Italy, creation of 

Labor organizations in Massachusetts, 

Labor organizations in Massachusetts, 

Labor organizations in New York, 

Laborers, city, pay of 

Legacy taxes in 1900, 

Legal labor decisions, recent : 

Accident — negligence — proximate cause, 

Alien — citizenship — immunities, 


i.-;iw 
v.m 
vm 

1IH>2 
1903 
1902 
1SM12 
HK>2 
1897 
liK)l 

1903 
1903 


10 
14 
19 
21 
25 
23 
24 
21 
1 
17 

2^ 
28 



Index to Labor Bulletin. 



27 



Classification of Slbjkcts. 



Year 



Number 



Lesral labor decisions, recent — Con. 

'Buildina: — contract — labor claims, 

Constitutionality o1" eight-liour law, 

Eight-hour law held void, 

Employer's liability — contractor, . 

Employer's liability — t'ellow-servant, . 

Em]>loyer"s liability — fellow-servants, . 

Employer's liability — implement. . 

Eni]>loyer"s liability — interstate law, 

Employer's liability — lumlnn- company. 

Employer's liability — negligence — boss, 

Labor union — liabi lity — \iamages, 

Legality of blacklisting, 

Loan association — stockholder — debt, . 

Physician — corporation —employe, 

Railroad — accident — liability, . 

RelatiuiT to labor I'JOO, . ' . 

Relating to labor 15H)1, 

Relating to labor. 

Relating to railroads, 

Sales in Inilk — creditors — statute, . 

Strike — interference — injunction, . 

Sub-agent — negligence — liability,. 
Legislatfve change in New Jersey Bureau, 

Maintenance of the standard of living, 
Married and unmarried women textile workers, 
Model houses, 

<^c<*upations in ^Massachusetts, gainful 
( >ccupations of residents of Boston : by districts, 
Occupations of women in France, .... 
Occupation statistics — Fall River, New Bedford, and 
tive, 

Patronal association for resistance in case of strike, 
Pauperism in Great Britain, .... 
Pauperism in Great Britain, .... 
Payment of employes in Switzerland, . 
Persons employed'in Massachusetts industries. 
Physically defective population in Massachusetts in rel 

Physicians, registered 

Population according to recent foreign censuses. 
Population of African descent, . . 
Population of the United States, In<lian 
Population : 

Belgium, 

Berlin 

Canada, 

German P2mi)ire, 

Ireland 

The Netherlands, 

United States 

United States, 

Population, self->upi)orting in United States and oti 
Prison industries in Massachusetts, . 

Productive age, the 

Produrtive conditions in the Philippines, . 
Productive poinilation in Massachusetts, . 
Professions in Germany, .... 
Professions in Massachusetts, tliree leading 
rrofe--ioii-. in M;i--achusetts, three leading 
Prnpnitioiial eariiinu^s and production, 

Public aifl in (Treat Tiritain 

Pupils in public and private schools in Boston 



tion 



dustr 



•V, 



1003 


2S 


i;k):j 


28 


ii)o;i 


28 


11K)3 


28 


1903 


2S 


11>03 


2S 


11103 


2S 


15)02 


21 


b»o-2 


21 


\\m 


28 


1003 


28 


1003 


28 


1003 


28 


1003 


28 


1003 


28 


1001 


10 


1002 


23 


1903 


20 


1003 


25 


1003 


28 


1903 


28 


1003 


28 


1901 


17 


1899 





1903 


28 


1807 


3 


lool 


17 


1001 


17 


1003 


2.5 


1900 


15 


1900 


IH 


1002 


22 


1003 


2« 


1003 


25 


1000 


If) 


1902 


21 


1900 


U 


1002 


21 


1003 


25 


1001 


17 


1003 


28 


1003 


25 


1002 


22 


1<K)3 


28 


1003 


28 


1003 


2« 


1001 


17 


1003 


25 


1003 


2S 


1807 


v> 


1808 


7 


isos 


s 


1003 


27 


I'.KK) 


10 


lO(K) 


10 


v.m 


o- 


l'.»03 


2S 


UHH) 


14 


11K)1 


17 



28 



Index to Labor Bulletin. 



Classification of Subjects. 



Number 



Railroad employes : 

Ma 8 Had lu setts, 

United States, 

Railroad employes protection act, Arizona, 1908, 
Relative cost of home-cooked and purchased food, 
Relief de])artment, the J5altimore and Ohio 
Relief dei)aitment, the Baltimore and Ohio 
Relief dei)artment, the Baltimore and Ohio 
Relief department, the Baltimore and Ohio 
Residential conditions of women and ^irls in trade 
Retail trade, statistics of . . . 
Retired with a competency, . 
Rogers, Edward JI., autof)iograi)hy of 

Saturday afternoon rest, 

Saturday half-holiday for city employes, 

Savings in Massachusetts, '. . ' . 

Savin«2:s ))anks in Massachusetts, . 

Schools of housekeeping in Belgium, . 

Shipi)ini^ acts, new German merchant . 

Shoemakers in Austria, union of . 

Sick benelit associations in Austria and Dciiin.Mrk, 

Slave lal)or in the Philippine Islands, . 

Social conditions in doniestic service, . 

Social reforms, Si)anish institute of 

Social statistics of workinfrwomeii, 

Statistics of labor in Spain, . 

Steel and ])i<j: iron, 

Street and electric railways, Massachusetts, 
Strike of miners in France, general 
Strike of window-^lass makers in F'ninc 
Strikes : 

Austria, IIKK), coal, .... 

Austria, 11)00, 

Austria, ltK)l, 

Bel^num, 1900, 

lUHi-ium, 1000, 

Denmark, 1000, 

France, 1800-18i>0, .... 

France, ISOO, 

France, 1000, 

France, 1902, 

Great Britain, 1898, .... 

Italy, 1898 

Strikes and lockouts in : 

Belgium, 1901, 

France, 1901, 

German V, 1899, 

Germany, 1900, 

Germany, 1901, 

Germany, 1902, 

Massachusetts, 182.1-1879, . 

Massachusetts for twentv vears — 1881-J.JOO, 

The Netherlands, 1901, * '. 
Strikes in ]Massachusetts for: 

Six months endin*^ June 30, 1901, 

Three months ending Sept. 30, loOl, . 

Three months ending Dec. 31, 1!»01, . 

Three months ending Mar. 31, 1902, 

Three months ending June 30, 1902, . 

Three months ending Se])t. 30, 1902, 

Three months ending Dec. 31, 1902, . 

Three months ending ;Mar. 31, 1903, . 

Three months ending June 30, 1903, 

Three months ending Sept. 30, 1903, 
Swiss trade, 



ind 



1903 


25 


1903 


25 


1903 


28 


IJHll 


19 


1897 


4 


P.Nd 


17 


11M)2 


'22 


1903 


26 


1901 


18 


1901 


20 


1903 


25 


1903 


28 


11K)3 


26 


P.MIl 


10 


1897 


1 


l'.H>2 


21 


11M>2 


.» 


l'.H)3 


26 


1:h>2 


•22 


11MI.3 


'25 


l'.»03 


*27 


1'.>|>0 


13 


i;mi3 


28 


liHd 


IS 


1002 


22 


I'.HMI 


ir, 


l'.M)3 


'2s 


I'.MW 


2.'» 


1901 


17 


IIKK) 


14 


1902 


21 


11H>2 


22 


hUHi 


1« 


I'.MH 


17 


P.MI2 


'21 


I'.MU 


17 


I'.MH 


17 


I'.MMI 


16 


1'.HI3 


'25 


llHX) 


14 


IIKK) 


16 


P.«02 


21 


11MJ2 


21 


1001 


17 


HHt2 


22 


1003 


'25 


1003 


27 


1897 


2 


1903 


25 


1903 


25 


1901 


19 


1!K)1 


20 


l'K»2 


21 


l'.>02 


'22 


lot (2 


'23 


11H12 


24 


liHi:^ 


'25 


1SHI3 


26 


1903 


'27 


1903 


'28 


1900 


14 



Index to Labor Bulletin. 



29 



Classification of Subjects. 


Year 


Number 


Tariff in Germany, new 

Technical education, inlluence of . 
Tenement conditions in r>oston, .... 
Textile industries in Massaciiusetts, . 
Tobacco crop in tiie United states, 1902, 
Tobacco raisiuir in ^lassacliusetts, 

Trade of Norway, 

Trade of United' States with Spain, 

Trade organizations in Roumauia, incorporation of 

Trade schools: 

Cologne, 

Paris, 

Vienna, 

Trade and technical education in Massachusetts, 
Trade and technical education, .... 
Trade unionism in Massachusetts prior to 1880, 
Trades unions : 

England, 

France, 

Various states, 

Tram]) census, 

Trusts in Germany, 

Turpentine, production of 

Unemployed for a year, the 

Unemployment in Boston building trades, . 

I'nemployment in Germany, 

l^nion controversy in Caniida, .... 

NVages : 

Baltimore, 

England, 

Great Britain, 

Norway, 

United'Kingdom, 

Wages in Boston, 1870-1898, comparative, . 
Wages in city employment, rates of . . . 
Wages of railway ein])loyes. United States, 
Wages under contracts tor public work, 
Wages and earnings, comi)arative 
Wages and hours of labor. United Kingdom, . 
Wages and hours, United Kingdom, 1902, changes ii 
AVealth accumulation through life insurance, . 

Weavers in New Bedford, 

Weaving, German and French progress. 

Women in industry, 

Women an<l chihlren in industrv in Italv, . 
Workingmen's societies. . . ' . . ' . 
Workmen's compensation law in Sweden, . 












1903 
1903 
1S1>9 
liK)3 
1!K)3 
1902 
1901 
ItKX) 
1903 

1903 
1901 
1903 
1903 
1903 
1899 

1899 
liKK) 
1903 
1897 
UK)3 
1902 

1903 
1901 
1902 
1903 

1902 

i\m 

1903 
1902 
1900 
1899 
1902 
1903 
1897 
1897 
1903 
1903 
1898 
11K)0 
1899 
liK)l 
11K)3 
1 UKK) 
1902 


28 
28 
11 
25 
26 
21 
17 
16 
25 

28 
17 
25 
26 

28 
10 

9 
14 
25 

2 
25 
21 

25 
17 
22 

28 

22 
14 
26 
21 
16 
9 
22 

3 

i 

9 
20 
25 
16 
21 



30 Decennial Censuses— 1875, 1885, 1895. 



Subjects Considered in the Decennial Censuses of 1875, 

1885, and 181>5. 

Population. 
Ages — 787/?, l.SSr,, ISOo. 

Averages and comparative totals : rooms, tenements, and dwelling-houses — />.'/.». 
Bedridden, the — 1 S'Jo. 
IMrths : nativities of mothers — Isjo. 
Birth, place of - /<V7J, ISSo, JSOo. 

Birth, place of, and parent nativity of persons 00 years of age and over; for tlie State — / s>.i. 
Blind, the— 7.s'.'y.T. 
Blind, deaf, dumb, etc , the— /.s7o. 
Censuses of population : 176;')-! SO.') — I s!f.'t. 
Censuses of population : 1776-1875 — lS7~i. 
Censuses of popidation : 1765-1885; by towns — ] ss.'t. 
Children at work — IS.So. 
Children at work and at school — / sj.",. 
Color and race — ISJo. 
Color and race — 1 S(f~). 

Color and race : by native and foreign born — 1 ss.'t. 

Color and race; conjugal condition; by agi* perioils : native and forriirn born; for the i? late and 
counties — 1 S^o. 

Conjugal condition — 7tS'7o, 1 SU.~}. 

Conjugal condition; native and foreign born ; by age periods — /.v.Vo. 

Convicts — 1S9>'). 

Deaf, the— ISf/~}. 

Deaf and dumb, the — ISOo. 

Defective social and physical condition — /<s".V.5. 

Diseases, acute — 7<!?.V/>. 

Diseases, chronic — ISOo. 

Dumb, the— ISOo. 

Dwelling-houses: number and mateiials — /^\So, lS9o. 

Employment and unemployment - /.s.v.T. 

Epileptic — 7<s'.V,). 

Families and dwelling-houses — IS To. 

Families : number and average size — JSSdt 7.S.V.). 

Families, size of — 7<s'7o, ISS.^i. 

Families, size of, and composition by sex — ] SOo. 

Foreign born — ] 876. 

Head of family, relation to — 1886^ ISOo. 

Homeless children and paupers — 1886. 

Homeless minors — 1806. 

Idiotic, the — 7<s.9o. 

Illiteracy — 7^'7,>, 1886, 1896. 

Insane, the — 1896. 

Lame, the — 1896. 

Maimed, the — 1896. 

Married women and mothers : with number of children and children living — 1 886. 

Native and foreign born — 1896. 

Native born and foreign born; color and race; conjugal condition : by sex and age periods — 1896. 



Decennial Censuses— 1875, 1885, 1895. 31 



Nativities with ages : aliens — ISTo. 
Nativity, parent — /^'^"o, lS9o. 
Nativity, parent : by States and countries — 7 SSo. 
Occupations — ISTo. 

Occupations, all. Recapitulations; for the State and counties — ; ^./.>. 
Occupations, all : hy towns— lS9n. 
Occupations, classitied — ISTo, ISSo, JS9d. 
Occupations by name — ISTo^ IS So. 
Occupations, principal: by towns — ISSo, 
Occupations, selected— i^7o. 
Paralytic — 7. >\9o. 
Paupers — 7S!)n. 
Paupers and convicts — 7 57o 

Persons having other defective physical condition — IS9S. 
Physical condition — ISSo. 
Political condition — lS9o 
Polls and voters — 1875, IS So. l89o. 
Population for 1S65 and 1875 — IS To. 

Population for 1S75 and 1885 : increase and decrease, by sex — ISSo. 
Population for 1875 and 1S85 : increase and decrease, by towns — ISSo. 
Population for 1885 and 1S95 : increase and decrease; by towns; by sex — lS9o. 
Population and legal voters — lS9o. 
Population and sex — ISTo, 7SSo, 2S9o. 
Population : by towns, alphabetically — ISSo, lS9o. 

Population, summary of, products, valuation and taxation : by towns — lS8d. 
Prisoners— lS9o. 
Prisoners and convicts — ISSo. 
Length of residence — lS9o. 
Rooms : occupied dwelling-houses — lS9o. 
Rooms : occupied and unoccupied dwelling-housee — 1896. 
Scholars and students — 1S96. 
Soldiers, sailors, and marines — 1S96, 

Tabular index by towns — ISTo. (An arrangement of towns, cities, and counties forming a recip- 
rocal index for towns and subjects.) 

Tenements : occupied dwelling-houses — 180o. 
Villages : alphabetically — ISSo. 
Villages : by towns — 1886^ 1893. 
Villages, sections, etc., alphabetically — lS9o. 

Agriculture. 

Buildings — lS9o. 

Cereals — lS9o. 

Domestic animals, etc. — 189o. 

Farm acreage, comparisons of : 1S85 and 1895 — 189o. 

Farm land : classified by acreage — ISSo^ lS9o. 

Farm land, classification of, with comparative values of products and property, acreage, etc. — 1896, 

Farms, market gardens, etc. : number owned, hired, and worked on shares — ISSo, 1 s9o. 

Farm plant — 18S.5. 

Farm statistics — 189o. 

Fertilizers — ISSo. 

Fertilizer?, commercial — lS9o. 

Forest fires, destruction by — 79^.5, 1 >9o. 

Forestry— I'^So. 



32 Decennial Censuses— 1875, 1885, 1895. 



Fruits, berrieB, and nutB — 1896. 

Fruit trees and vines — 1895. 

Land— 189.5. 

Mines, quarries, pits, etc. — 1895. 

Persons engaged in agriculture — 1885. 

Products, agricultural: by name — 1885. 

Products, agricultural, and propertj' — 1885^ 1895. 

Products, animal — 1895. 

Products, dairy — 1895. 

Products from mines, quarries, pits, etc. — 1895. 

Products, other — 1895. 

Products, poultry — 1895. 

Property, agricultural : by name — 1885. 

Vegetables — 1895. 

Wages, total, paid in agriculture— 1885. 

"Wages, total, paid in agriculture — 1895. 

Manufactures. 

Accidents — 7, S"(9yT. 

Articles made : by name — 1875. 

Building plant — 18S5. 

Business done, proportion of ^ 1885. 

Business done, proportion of, and days in operation — 1895. 

Busy season, the — 1885. 

Capital invested — 1885 ^ 1895. 

Corporations and capital stock — 7 885. 

Corporations : date of establishment and capital stock at time of incorporation — 1S85, 1895 . 

Credit, terms of, on purchases and sales — lss5. 

Distribution of product ; or manner of selling goods — 1886. 

Employment of married persons and children — 1886 » 

Establishment, date of — 1885, 1895. 

Establishments, number of — 1885, 1895. 

Gas companies. 

Goods made — 1885, 1896. 

Hands, day and piece — 1885. 

Hands, hour, day and piece — 1895 . 

Losses by lire — 1885. 

Machinery — 1885. 

Machinery for cotton, woollen, and worsted goods — 1S75 . 

Machinery: saws in lumber mills; vats in tanneries; engines and machines in paper mills; runs of 
etone in grist and flouring mills — 18 75. 

Machinery and tools — 1895. 

Manufactures — 1875. 

M anufactures — 1885. 

Manufactures, miscellaneous — 1875. 

Manufactures, other important — 1875. 

Manufactures and related occupations : by name — 1875. 

Manufactures and related occupations : by towns — 1875. 

Newspapers — 1875, 1885. 

Newspapers: by towns; titles, objects to which demoted, how often published, subscription price. 
etc. — 1885. 

Partners and stockholders — 1885, 1895. 
Persons employed — 1885, 1896. 



Decennial Censuses— 1875, 1885, 1895. 33 



Persous employed in manufactures and occupations, with classitication by sex, aije, etc., by towns — 
1S76. 

Persons employed in manufactures and occupations, waijes, etc., by industries — /oT-). 

Persons employed, waa:es, etc., in manufactures — / s7.). 

Persons employed and wages, by towns — lS7n . 

Persons employed, wages, etc., in occupations — IST-'i. 

Persons employed, wages, etc. : State recapitulations of aggregates — ISJ.^. 

Persons employed, same number of — ISOo. 

Persons employed, smallest and greatest number of— ISSo. 

Power, motive— JS7o, 7^\^^5, ISOn. 

Power, steam and water, with nominal and actual horse power : by industries — I ST-'i. 

Power, steam and water, with nominal and actual horse power : by towns — JSTo. 

Private tirms and corporations — ISSo. 

Salaries paid — ISSn. 

Ship building — lS7o. 

Statistics of manufactures, general, for cities and towns : by selected industries — J8S>^, /.sW.T. 

Statistics of manufactures, general, for private firms and corporations — 7S(^d, J80f5. 

Statistics of manufactures, summary of the general, bj' industries — 787o. 

Statistics of manufactures, summary of the general, by towns — lS7o. 

Statistics of manufactures, special, and related occupations — lS7d. 

Stock, selected : by towns — 7S7d. 

Stock used — lS7o, 7^\s^5, 7S9o. 

Value of buildings used for manufacturing purposes; of average stock on hand; of all machinery; 
and of imported machinery : by towns — lS7o. 

Values, combustible — ISSo. 

Wages, classified weekly — ISSOf ISOo. 

Wages paid — ISS.'i. 

Wages, salaries, and earnings — ISfJo. 

Women furnished with work at home — lS7dt 18So. 

Working time, daily — ISiSo. 

Working time, longest, shortest, and average daily — 7(S\s'.>. 

Working time, yearly — ISSo. 

The Fisheries. 

Fish, kinds of ; where caught; capital invested, imports and exports, and sales; markets; methods 
of food tish preparation — 788o. 
Fisheries, the — 788o, 7805. 

Fisheries : disaV)lements and deaths in the — 7805. 

Fisheries, estimated number of persons engaged in the, by town^ — 7 805. 

Fisheries : firms and corporations; persons employed; time in commission for vessels — /.v.sVT. 
fisheries, investments and products in the — 7 885, 7805. 
Fisheries, time engaged in the, for registered vessels : by months — 7 805. 
Fishing: by towns and name— 7875. 
Food fish : by name — 7S05. 

Trade, foreign fishery of the United States : 1821-1894 — 1S05. 
Vessels and boats; tonnage; values and outfit — 7^85, 1805. 
Vessels : year in which built, and where built — 7s.s5 . 
Whale fishery, the American— 7s05. 



Coastwise and Ocean Commerce. 
American fiag, pilotage and tonnage under — 1 805. 



Commerce — 7ss5, 7805 



34 Decennial Censuses— 1875, 1885, 1895. 

Commerce, coastwise and ocean — 187o, ISffo. \ 

Commerce, ocean — J89o. ' * 

Porte, principal visited, and principal articles transported — 1885. \ 

Seamen, nationalities of — lS8o. j 

Trips, time employed in ; length of trips — 7 880. j 

Vessels, number of and tonnage — 7<v<Vo. j 

Vessels and value; freight and passengers; earnings — 788,5. ' 

Libraries. 

Libraries : by name ^ 187o. 

Libraries : by towns — 787n. 

Libraries : number of hours open weekly — 780/5. 

Libraries: volumes, circulation, etc. — 7876 1 7806. 

Libraries : year in which opened — 7 896. 

Libraries and reading rooms — 18<s6, 7806. 

Reading rooms : number of hours open weekly — is'.f.'i. 

Reading rooms : number, reading matter, etc.— /s.Vo. 

Reading rooms : year in which opened — 1 sit6 . 

Colleges and Schools. 

School attendance— 7876^ 7886. 

Schools, private — 7806, 

Schools, public — 7806. 

Schools and school property — 1S76, 7SS6^ 78!f6. 

Titles or Subject 3Iatter of Kxisting Labor Laws. 

Accidents. 

Advances of money to the board of Paris Exposition managers. 

Adulteration of food. 

Arbitration, boards of. 

Bakeries. 

Building laws. 

Bureau of Statistics of Labor. 

Carrying capacity of lighters, etc. 

Children, employment of. 

Civil service. 

Clothing made in unhealthy places. 

Collection agencies. 

Collection of small debts. 

Compensation of the watchmen and assistant watchmen at the State Hout^*. 

Conditional sales. 

Contract labor in prisons. 

Contract laws. 

Co-operative associations. 

Co-operative banks. 

Co-operative building company. 

Corporations; business. 

Dangerous machinery. 

District police. 

Domestic servants. 

Education : free evening lectures. 

Election laws. 



Existing Labor Laws. 35 



Electric wirei*. 

Employ crtJ' liability act. 

Employment bureaus. 

Employment of convicts. 

Employment of labor : public works. 

Employment of minors. 

Employment of prisoners. 

Employment on public works. 

Employment of women and minors. 

Engineers and firemen, stationary. 

Factories and workshops. 

Fire-escapes. 

Fires and tiremen. 

Fraternal beneficiary corporations. 

Free employment offices. 

Gas fitting. 

Half-holidays to public employees. 

Hatchways, protection in. 

Hours of labor : city and town employees, women and minors, employees of county jails 

Ice, sale of. 

Immigration, Chinese. 

Insignia of labor unions. 

Inspectors : factories and public buildings. 

International Exposition at Paris. 

Intimidation: laborers. 

Itinerant vendors. 

Labels, trade marks, etc. 

Labor, employment of. 

Labor Bulletin. 

Labor's holiday. 

Legal relations between employers and employees. 

Liability of employers. 

Licenses; for offensive trades; engineers and firemen ; pedlers. 

Liens; mechanics'. 

Lodging-houses, protection of life in case of fire. 

Loss of life by negligence. 

Niacblnery. 

Manufacture and sale of textile fabrics and papers containing arsenic. 

Mechanics' tools. 

Mercantile establishments. 

Municipal labor. 

Notice : to employers or employees. 

Office hours of the various departments of the State governments. 

Pan-American Exposition to be held in the city of Buffalo, X. Y. 

Pension : firemen, policemen, city employees. 

Plumbing. 

Poor debtor proceedings. 

Posting of time-tables in mercantile establishments. 

Prison labor. 

Profits. 

Prohibiting corporations from requiring bonds of their employees. 

Protection of workmen on iron or steel framed buildings. 

Public baths, gymnasia, and playgrounds. 



36 Existing Labor Laws. 



Public health. 

Public Bervice corporations and their employees. 

IlailroadB. 

Railroad equipment. 

Railroad faren. 

Railroad relief Bocieties. 

RailwayB. 

Reading and writing. 

Relief societies. 

Savings. 

School teachers retirement fund. 

School year, length of. 

Schools, evening, public, manual training, textile, induBtrial, vacation. 

Specifications of factory work. 

Steam boilers. 

Strikes. 

Sunday labor : bootblacks. 

Support of the poor. 

Taxes. 

Telegraph and telephone service. 

Tenement houses. 

Threats. 

Time allowed for voting to the employees of establislimentH. 

Tools. 

Trades unions. 

Transportation of scholars of the public schools by street railway companies. 

Trustee process. 

Unemployed, the. 

Unlawful blasting. 

Ventilation. 

Wages, weekly payment of. 

Women clerks' benefit association. 

Women, employment of. 

Workshops. 

Young person, definition of. 



Methods of Work. 



37 



Methods of Work 



V. 



Machines and Devices the Work of Evolution, The. 

In the Census of 1875 the inventor introduced a tally sheet known as the " Self-Counting Tally 
sheet." This was used for the population statistics, while a similar form, based on the disin- 
tegration of numberrJ, was used for the aggregation of statistics of manufactures, agriculture, 
etc., where numbers were to be added. No 
machinery Avas used in this census. 

In 18^2, after his return from Washing 
ton, he invented a mechanical adding ma- 
chine, which Mas used in the preparation 
f the special volume of Massachusetts 
statistics, previously referred to. This 
machine Jed to the invention of the elec- 
trical adding machine, which was used in 
the State Census of 188o. In this census 
was also used a tabulating machine for 
handling the statistics of population. In 
this census the basis of tabulation was a 
punch card, and a pin board was used, so 
called because it was fitted with steel pins 
which passed through the punched holes 
in the cards and indicated their classifica- 
tion. This punch card was a legible card, 
that is, it was printed with certain figures 
and abbreviations. After punching, the 
card was legible because the meaning of 
the punched hole could be ascertained by 
its propin<iuity to spaces not punched. 
To illustrate: As the letters S, M, W, D, 
indicate the four grades of conjugal con- 
dition, single, maiTie<l, widowed, ami di- 
vorced, if the M were punched out, the 
card was legible because it was known 
that the M came between the S and W. 

The counter used in the Census of 18s.=), 
supplied by a New York manufacturer, 
was found to be unreliable, and in the 
Census of 181^.5 the inventor introduced a 
counter which ha> fulfilled all hisexpecta- 
tions. 

In the Census of iss") and that of 1M>.') the statistics calling for the aggregation of large numbers 
have been compiled by the aid of the electrical adding machine. This machine is now used for 
multiplication. In IKSt and also in 181)5, the system of multiple addition, known as "The Chip 
System," has been used for the aggregation of smaller numbers, such as are found in tlu 
of agriculture, the fisheries, etc. 




The Addition Register, 



statist!*- 



38 



Methods of Work. 



His latest additions to his series of statistical inventions include the Addition Register, the 
Schedule Holder, the Pin Board Electrical Tabulating System, and the Electrical Tyi)ewrit<?r Tabu- 
lator. A brief description of each of these devices and inventions is given hereinafter. 

Addition Register, The. 

This is a simple machine which may be carried in the i)0cket, and is intended for the use of 
bookkeepers and clerks who are called upon to add long columns of figures. It dispenses with the 
brain-wearying work of carrying, and enables a person to work all day at work of this kind 
without that deleterious effect upon the nerves which comes from close attention to such work. 

Self-CountiDg Tally Sheet, The. 

This is a printed and ruled form which, as its name imi)lies, sui>plies its own total, or series of 
totals, as soon as the i)rocess of checking or tallying is completed. 

Couvertible Schedule, The. 

When large schedules are used containing a great number of names it has been found neces- 
sary, in order to secure the best results in talmlation, to transfer by puiu^hing, st4»niping, or wrltinu^ 

to a card or slip of paper. The convertible 
schedule allows the use of the large 
schedule and also supplies a means of 
tabulating directly from the schedule 
witliout the aid of any means of Iran^- 
ference. 

Schedule Holder, The. 

The transference of information from 
a large .sheet of i>a])er containing closely 
wiitten figures is always trying to the 
eyes and nerves, owing to the close ai»i)li- 
<ation found necessary in order to keep 
to the line. The Schedule Holder is in- 
tended to reduce this trying etTect upon 
the nerves and eyes to the minimum. 

It is arranged so tiiat the sheet of i)aper, 
of whatever size, passes between roller> 
at a convenient distance from the eye, 
which distance may be easily regulated. 
A suitable device allows the schedule or 
sheet of paper to be lifted a definite dis 
tance each time that this device is touched. 
A metal rule goes across the sheet, attract- 
ing attention to the line under consider- 
ation. If it is desired to cover ])art of the 
line so that the eye will see only that part 
of the information that is to be used, 
there are suitable devices to accomplish this purpose. An important ]>art of the Schedule Holder 
is the registry stamp, which stamps upon the schedule in perpendicular columns a sign indicating 
that each line has been tabulated for each tabulation. 




The Schedule Holder. 



Automatic 3Iultiple Counting or Tabulating Machine, The. 

This machine was used in compiling the population statistics of the Massachusetts State Census 
of 1895. It is elastic in its scope, giving a condensed classification, if that is desired, or the most 



Methods of Work. 



39 



complete detail, if that should be preferred. It works directly from the oriiiinal schedule if a card 
is used. If a written schedule is used, the transfer i>rocess can Ijc made available, by which all the 
facts contained upon the written sheet may be transferred to the reiristry form by means of stamp- 
\ug. All the deUiils of a census, coverinir from 2.') to 30 record >» for each individual, may be trans- 
ferred to tliese retristry forms at an average rate of 400 ]>er hour, or 2,800 complete registries per 



^ ^ y /^ y 



y y / / / / / y y 



V"\ I 



\^<ixO<^i<i^^\ 



y y y / 



The Counter for the Automatic Multiple Counting or 
Tabulating" System. 



day of seven hours. This will be found to be fully four times as fast as any other system of trans- 
ferring yet devised. The result is a legible registry form which may be read by the clerk or by 
any person acquainted with statistical tabulation. 

The automatic system requires that the cards or registry forms should pass through four tabu- 
lations. In the first is secured sex, native born and foreign born, 14 age periods for both native 
and foreign born, nine details of color and race, and five details of conjugal condition. The result 
of this tabulation is 2,8?^0 possible totals, which is far in excess of any system of combinations or 
correlations which can be secure*! by any other system. The process of tabulation is cumulative; 
that is, when we i»ass to the s3cond tabulation, and secure the classification of relation to head of 
family, age detail (by months and years), and illiteracy, it is secured subject to the i)recedlng 
classifications of sex, native and foreign born, age ]>eriods, color and race, and conjugal condition. 
The pennutations in this tabulation become so numerous that it is impossible to count them. So 
in the third tabulation, which supplies details for i)lace of birth, parent nativity, length of resi- 
dence, and aliens, the rorrelations previously secured in the first and second tabulations are ex- 
tended over the third, and the results of the third tabulation are cumulative as regards the fourth 
tabulation, which covers statistics of occupations, and of employment and unempl«»yment. 

A wrong im]>ression is often conveyed to parties considering this system, who think that the 



40 



Methods of Work. 



details supplied are so numerous that it must add largely to the expense of the work and the time 
occupied in tabulation; but this is an erroneous conclusion. The fact is that no combinations 
should be made by the tabulator. The work of tabulation should always be done in detail; then 
those in charge of the i^reparation of copy can easily make the ne<!essary condensations, and the 
results may be presented in the most comi^act manner desired. But the clerk in charge of the prep- 




Automatic Multiple Counting or Tabulating Machine C'56 counters). 



aration of copy knows tlie composition of the details and is able to explain the exceptions to tlu' 
rule, which are often the most important part of statistical tabulations. 

A record of the progress of tabulation in the autoniatic system was kept by means of a chro 
matic card printed in colors. The lirst tabulation was called the blue tabulation; the second, the 
red; the third, the green; and the fourth handling, the black. As each tabulation was completed, 
the proper tag was cut from the tile card, marked with the name of the clerk doing the work and 
date of completion, and was then sent to the Copy Division, where a record was ke]>t of the com- 



Methods of Work. 



41 



pletion of the o,:>00 tabulation districts in the Census. On another part of the (ile card was entered 
the name of the elerk doinir the work and the date of eonipletion, thus enahlini:- the hieation of 
errors and the attributing of them to the person who made them. 




Automatic 3Iultiple Counting" or Tabulating Machine 

(72 counters). 

By the automatic system, if an error is made in the lirst tabulation it is ahnost invariably dis- 
closed in the second tabulation, and so on, each tabulation correctinjr the previous one. An effort 
was made, and it was succ4.'ssful, to make the counting of the i)opulation and the facts connected 
therewith mathematically correct, and there was found to be no need of the perpetuation of errors 
made in one tabulation. 



3Iultiple Adding or Chip System, The. 

This system is for the addition of conii)aratively small numljers wliere a great number of totals 
are desired. Its capacity is from units to lunulreds of millions. Colors are used to indicate units, 
tens, liundreds, etc. The digits are marked in su<h a way that U's may not be ntistaken for fi's, 
and the results of color lilindness are avoided by a ]>e<uliar combination of contrasting colors. 



42 



Methods of Work. 



The operator takes the chips from a case, in a manner similar to the compositor taking type from 
a type case. By this process of adding from 144 to 200 columns may be added at a time, the only 
result slip needed being one for totals. 







-•^■fiiLDlLj 


UDLjU-l 


B^oLjuuiLXJUi 


I^^M 


L-i 


UlLiL-tJ 


ILJ|LiiJl-i' 


Li 


UlLJLiLjl 




1 1 f 1 « 


1iL4-Jl_M 


IHujQIj 




r 1 r 1 -\ 


mM^Wli l 




\ 1433 


HIiSyA! "^ ^J^^^Ih JiS/ ^ 


I 11 1 1 





Chip Sorting Box for the Multiple Adding" or Chip System, 



The chips are counted on the typewriter tabulator, being sorted at the same time that they are 
counted. In this work the speed attained upon the typewriter will be rivaled by the typewriter 
tabulator, for the chips can be counted and sorted at the rate of at least .^8,0^>0 per day of seven 
hours. A sorting box is placed at the left of the operator, and the <'ards as soon as sorted are 
available for immediate use In the work of chipping. 

As stated previously, the errors in transference of facts from a schedule to another sheet upon 
which the figures are recorded come from the second thought of the operator. In the chip system 
the chips are selected in accordance with the first or correct thought of the operator, and the chips 
cannot change their color or relative value in their progress to the sorting box. In this way re- 
versals of numbers or incorrect transference are avoided, and al)solute mathcmaticnl accuracy 
may be secured in this class of work by the use of the chip system. 



Methods of Work. 



43 




Chip Case for the 3Iultiple Adding or Chip System. 




The Klectrical Adding and 3Iultiplying Machine. 



44 Methods of Work. 



Electrical Adding and Multiplying 3Iachine, Tlie. 

Tliis machine may be made any ;?ize; that is, it can cover millions, liillions, or trillions in 
capacity. It is operated by sliding keys. The great advantage of the machine for statistical work 
comes from the fact that the number may be set and read by the clerk before the addition is com- 
pleted. The mjijority of errors in statistical aggregation comes from the transference from the 
original schedule to the ruled form upon which the figures are entered. The first thought of the 
clerk as the numljers are read is correct, but during the ])rogre8s of transference the second 
thought often intervenes, and it is this second thought which causes the reversal of numbers or 
the dropping of figures. The clerk who works on the adding machine registers the first thought, 
and is able to compare the registered number on the machine with the original schedule before 
completing the addition. In this way absolute mathematical accuracy is se<'ured by the work per- 
formed by this machine. 

The process of multiplying upon this machine takes about one-half of the time consumed in 
ordinary multipli<'ation. There is no "brain fag" resulting from the use of this ma<'hine in eltlier 
addition or multiplication. The work in addition consists simply of notation, or the writing of 
the numbers upon the machine by means of the sliding keys; while in multiplication no carrying 
has to be done by the ojterator, as that work is perfonncd l»y the electrical operation of the 
machine. 

Electrical Typewriter Tabulator, The. 

This machine, which is the latest work of the inventor, does not " look " like a ty]>ewriter, but 
it is an actual typewriter tabulator. It has los counting machines, which automatically adjust 
themselves at zero bj- a simple process after the results have been taken down from each counting 
box upon the result sheet. It has lOS keys operating electrically, and "21 index keys which are a 
guide to the tabulation. 

This machine is intended t«) work directly from the schedule without the intervention or aid of 
any system of transference. There are no Intermediate processes between the reading of the 
schedule And the recording of tlu' fa<*t or combination of facts; there are no canls to be punched, 
which cards have to be indexed and packe<l away; nor is any form of registry slli), whether 
written or stamped, reciulred. The thought of the clerk Is immediately registered on the machine, 
and by its system of correlation from four to i\\v hundred results can be secured at each handling 
of the schedules, which is many times more than has been secured by any other system. The ele<'- 
trical connections are always fixed; that is, key number one always operates counter numl>er one, 
key 27 always operates counter *27, etc. The correlations are made by means of the Index and 
tabulating keys. Thus, if it is desired to record the correlated fact that the person is a male, is 
native born, is white, is single, and is 20 to '2\) years of age, these <'orrelated facts are indicated by 
one touch of the key. 

The possible speed of this key is 350 tallies per minute, or 2,100 per hour; but this speed would 
never be secured in actual statistical work. The average speed of a typewriter, one necessary to 
secure a diploma of efiiciency, is 35 words per minute, averaging six letters to a word, or 210 blows 
or registries on the typewriter. If the typewriter titbulator is operated as fast as this, the result 
would be 12,600 registries per hour, or 8S,200 in a day of seven hours. If we rediu*e this estimate 
by one-half, that is, require the typewriter tabulator to be run at one-half the speed considered a 
fair rate upon the typewriter, we secure an average of 44,100 tallies per day of seven hours, or 
6,300 registries per hour, which is 105 per minute. 

A set of correlated scheme sheets are used in connection with the typewriter tabulator, which 
will give a condensed series of results, or as expansive a series of results as may be required. 



Methods of Work. 



45 




Tlie Electrical TypcAvriter Tabulator (108 counters). 



Pin Board Electrical Tabulating System, The. 

T\uii 8y!^teni is an evolution of the pin hoard previously referred to, hut tiie meclianical and 
cleetrical features are of recent invention. This system works in a nuniher of ways hy means of a 
correlated re^'istry form. This is divi<led into seven or any other suitahle numher of sections, 
each containing: oppoitunities for registering 10-^ l)oints. The seven re^dstry forms have a capacity 
of 758 points, hut the correlations ohtained from these are innumerahle, covering every possihle 
conihination that may he desired in the way of population and s(»<'iolo^ical statistics. 

First, this system can work dire<-tly from the written schedule; second, it can also work tn>m a 
stamped re^ristry form; third, a card punched hy hand or hy other means may he hrou^rht to this 
machine and tahulated; while a fouiih plan <;omprehends the punching: of the card and its count- 
ing at the same time. It is not necessary in this system to have a separate device for punching: 
and a separate nnKdiine for <-ounting. In this machine at the same time that the ]>unch hole is 
made the c<funtinjr is <ione, so that when the pun<-hing of a numher of cards is completed, the<'ount 
of the stJitislical facts u]»on those #«rds can he imme<liately Uiken off from the counting hoxes. 



46 



Methods of Work. 



This, it is evident, is a marked advance in the line of tabulation of punch c«irde, for it subBtitutes 
one process for two. 

The machine is small and comparatively inexpensive, and can be made available for all forms of 
statistical work. The operation of the machine is easy, requirinjr the exi)enditure of no strength, 
and not oblij^ing the clerk to assume an uncomfortable position and to go through thousands of 
wearying motions of the arms in the course of a day's work. 

The great advantage of the correlated registry fonn is that after the tabulation of ea<-h scMtion 
of the card is completed, the card may be thrown away. Thus the keei»ing of from 30,(XM) to 4o,(HH) 
boxes of cards for i)uri)o8es of future tabulation is obviated, and the great expense of their care, 
transportation, and indexing is avoided. 

Each pin board is supi>lied with a small cutting machine, with which the clerk cuts off the use- 
less card after having comjileted its tabulation. 




The Pin Board Electrical TabulatiDg- System (108 counters). 



Methods of Work. 47 



Electrical Typewriter Adding 3Iachine, The. 

This invention consists of an aii^iinir nuu-hino. small in si/o. ]>ortaMo. ail«iMi-r to luuulivds of 
inillioDs, operate»l by olectririty. The machine can be attached to any typewriter liavina: a " plun- 
ger" key. When the key is sti'iick for printing the number is addeii simultaneously in the proper 
column. Any number of addinir machines can be connected with the same typewriter and num- 
bers printed and added in any number of perpendicular columns. The machine will add hori- 
zontally, also. It can be arranged for English money, apothecaries' weight, avoirdupois, or any 
reduction table. When used for addition simy^ly, a portable typewriter, with ligures onh', will 
do all that is now accomplished by larger and more expensive machines. 

Machine Desks. 

For the Electrical Addinsj and Multiplying Machine, the Pin Board Electrical Tabulating 
System, the EUvtrical Typewriter Tabulator, the Automatic Multiple Counting or Tabulating 
Machine, and the Multiple Adding or Chi]> System, each clerk is sup]>lied with a desk >pe<-ially 
devised and arranged for the work to be performed. 

The desks are provided with drawers, which cover up the counting machines, and which may 
be locked at night by the clerk. The Electrical Adding and Multiplying Machine may be locke<l 
up in its own case. In addition to this, it has a locking rod. by which the keys may be locked so 
as to pi-event interference therewith when the clerk is at dinner or away from the desk. The dials 
may also be covered and locked to protect them from unauthorized inspection. 

The desks contain drawers fitted with sorting boxes, and there is a compartment iov the schedule 
holder and for the chip sorting box. 

The keyboard of the EUnnrical Typewriter Tabulator may be covered and lo<'ked. In fact, in 
all the systems as much and often more attention has been paid to the comfort antl prote<'tion of 
the clerk as to the invention of the machines and devices. For the fact is appreciated that the 
rapidity and accuracy of statistical work depend full.v as much upon the adjuncts to secure the 
comfort and convenience of the clerk as upon the purely mechanical and electrical devices whose 
ortice is simply to record the brain thought of the o]>erator. In other words, it has always l)een 
considered that the clerk is the master of the machine, and not that the machine is the master of 
the clerk. 



48 Index to Diagrams. 



Index to Statistical Diagrrams. 

[The Statistical Diagrams, or Charts, enumerated below, are contaiiRMl in the Cabinets whirh 
form a part of the Exhibit of the Bureau.] 

Population and Social Statistics. [Nos. 1-12.] 

No. 1. — Topulation: From the Twelfth Census of the Tnited States, I'.MK). Males, 137,474 (49 
percent); Females, 1,437,872 (51 percent); Total Population, 2,S(>o,H46. Native and Foreign Born. 

N^o. 2. — Poi)ulation: From the Massachusetts Decennial Census, isi»5. Color and Riu-e- By 
Sex; White, Colored, Indian, Japanese, and Chinese (males and females). 

Wo. 3. — Population: From the Twelfth Census of the United States, IIMK). Males, l,:i«7,474 (4t» 
percent); Females, 1,437, S72 (ol percent); Total Population, 2,8():),346. Sex and Conjugal Con- 
dition; Single, Married, Widowed, and Divorced. 

No. 4. — Illiteracy : From the Twelfth Census of the riiitc«l States, 1900. Persons Ten Years of 
Age and Over: Literate (males and females) ; Illiterate (males and females). 

No. 5. — Illiteracy : From the Twelfth Census (»f the Tniteil States, UKK). Persons Ten Years of 
Age and Over: Literate (native l)orn an<l foreign born) ; Illiterate (native born and foreign born). 

No. 6. — Women in Industry: From the Massa<'husetts I)e<'ennial Census, IHlJo. Total Number 
of Persons Emi)loye<l in Productive Industries, l,u7!»,(K»o (males and females): Females, 292,636 
(27 + percent). 

No. 7. — Women in Industry: From the Massachusetts DccennialCensus, ISJJ.'). Total Number 
Employed in Pro<luctive Industries, 2U2,a3r). 

No. 8. — Women in Industry. From the Massachusetts Decennial Census, 1895. Branches of 
Occui)ation in which Employed; Men Only, Women Only, and Both Sexes. 

No. 9. — Employment of Wouien : From tlu' Massachusetts Censuses of 1885 and 1S1»5; Com- 
])arisons for Years Mentioned. 

No. 10. — Defective Social and Physical Condition: From the Massachusetts Decennial Cen- 
sus, 181)5. Total Population, 2, 5(M),1S3; Defective Social and Physical Condition, 65,759; Persons 
Socially Defective Only ; Physically Defective Only ; or Socially and Physically Defe<«tive. 

No. 11. — The Socially and Physically l)efe<'tive: From the Massachusetts Decennial Census, 
1895. The Social or Physical Condition Specilied; other Social or Physical Defects in Combination 
Therewith. 

No. 12. — The Socially and Physically Defective: From the Massachusetts De<*ennial Census, 
1895. Total Population, 2,500,183. Number of Prisoners, Convicts, Homeless Minors, and Pauinrs, 
as Comi)ared with Total Poi>ulation. 

Productive Industries. [Nos. 13, 14.1 

No. 13. — Productive Industries: From the Massachusetts Decennial Census, 1895. Manufa*-- 
tures, Agriculture (including Mines, Quarries, Pits, et<'.), Fisheries, and Commerce. Totjil Value 
of Product, $917,730,197. 

No. 14. — Capital Invested in Productive Industries: From the Massachusetts Decennial 
Census, 1895. INIanufactures, Agriculture (including Mines, Quarries, Pits, etc.). Fisheries, and 
Commerce. 

Manufactures. [Nos. 15-21.] 

No. 15. — Manufactures: From the Massachusetts Decennial Census, 1895. The Nine Principal 
Industries. 

No. 16. — Manufactures: From the Massachusetts Decennial Census, 1895. Twenty-one Prin- 
cipal Industries. 

No. 17. — Growth of Massachusetts Manufactures: 187.5-1900. Value of Goo(ls Made. 

No. 18. —Net Prolits in Manufacturing Industries: From the Twelfth Census of the I'nited 
States, 1900. Value of Goods Made, $1,035,198,989; Total Capital Invested, !?S23,2(>t,287. 



Index to Diagrams. 49 



Xo. 19. — AvoraiTO Aiimml Industry rroduct Tor Eiiiployoo : From tlu' Annual statistics of 
Maiuifactures. ]\h)'2. Boots ami Shoes : 18iH)-liHV2. 

3^0.20. — Avorajro Annual Industry Product Tor Kniployoc; From tlic Annual statistics of 
Manufactures, 1VKV2. Cotton Goods: l8iM)-llH>2. 

Xo. 21, — A vera ire Annual Industry Product Per Employee: From the Annual statistics of 
Manufactures. l;«fJ. All Industries: lSiH>-llHV>. 

Wages and Earnings. [Nos. 22-30.] 

Xo. 22. — Cla>sitied Weekly Waires : From the Annual statistics of Manulactures. llHiJ. Adult 
Males. 

No. 23. — Classiiied Weekly Waires: From the Annual Statistics of Manufactures, 11M>2. Adult 
Females. 

No. 24. — Clas>ilied Weekly Waires: From the Annual Statistics of Manufactures, !«>o-_>. Youn.ir 
Persons (Both Sexes). 

No. 25. — Classitied ^^'eekly Waires: From the Annual Statistics of Manufactures, l!M)-2. Totals 
( Both Se xes ; A 1 1 A jre s ) . 

Xo. 26. — J:stimated Average Yearly Earnings: From the Annual Statistics of Manufactures, 
li^<>2. Males, Females, Young Persons: Boots and Shoes (factory product); Carpetings; Cotton 
Goods (woven). 

No. 27. — Estimated Average Yearly Earnings: From the Annual Statistics of Manufactures, 
1902. Males, Females, Young Persons: Cotton Yarn and Thread; Leather; Machines and Ma- 
chinery. 

No. 28. — Estimated Average Yearly Earnings: From the Annual Statistics of Manufactures, 
liMr2. Males, Females, Young Persons: Metals and IMetallic Goods; Paper; Woolen Goods (woven 
goods and yarn). 

No. 29. —Estimated Average Yearly Earnings: From the Annual Statistics of Manufactures, 
lif(y2. Males, Females, Young Persons: Woolen Goods (shoddy, waste, etc.); Worsted Goods; All 
Industries. 

No. 30. — Average Actual Yearly Earnings (>ranufactures) : From Massachusetts Labor Bul- 
letin No. 28, li)f»3. Boots and Shoes: 18iK)-ll^»2. Average Yearly Earnings, $.=)13.7(); Males, .SI, 221 ; 
Females, ll,.>i7; Both Sexes, 42,768. 

No. 31. — Average Actual Yearly Earnings (Manufactures) : From Massachusetts Labor Bui 
letin No. 28, 11K)8. Carj^etings: 1890-1902. Average Yearly Earnings, $360.86; Males, 2,02.5; Fe- 
males. 2,:^7S; Both Sexes, 4,403. 

No. 32. — Average Actual Yearly Earnings (Manufactures) : From Massachusetts Labor Bul- 
letin No. 28, 190:3. Cotton Goods: 181K)-19f)2. Average Yearly Earnings, $;3;i"i.44; Males, :5.3,39."i; 
Females, 37,f>=>9; Both Sexes, 71,054. 

No. 83. — Average Actual Yearly Earnings (Manufactures) : From Massachusetts Labor P>ul- 
letin No. 2^ 1903. Leather: 181»0-1902. Average Yearly Earnings, $.516.90; Males, .'),9.5;3; Females, 
121 ; Both Sexes, 6,074. 

No. 34. — Average Actual Yearly Earnings (Manufactures) : From Massachusetts Labor Bul- 
letin No. 28, V.m. Machines and Machinery : lS9(^)-19o2. Average Yearly Earnings, $.">3I .;{.'); Males, 
13,623; Females, l.Ss; Both Sexes, 13,761. 

No. 33. — Average Actual Yearly Earnings (Manufactures) : From Massachusetts Labor Bid* 
letin No. 28, UK«. Metals and Metallic Goods: 181K)-1902. Average Yearly Earnings, .$.5:30.62; 
Males, 1.5,s76; Females, 1,764; Both Sexes, 17,640. 

No. 36. — Average Actual Yearly Earnings (^fanufactures) : From Massachusetts Lab(>r Bul- 
letin No. 28,190:3. Paper: 18iK>-1902. Average Yearly Earnings, $41.5.88; Males, 4,:369; FVmalcs, 
3,4.3.3; Both .Sexes, 7,8(>2. 

No. 37. — Average Actual Yearly Framings (Manufactures) : From Massachusetts Labor Bul- 
letin No. 2:^, 1903. Woolen Goods: 1890-19(n2. Average Yearly Earnings, $:368.89; Males, 9,577; 
Females, .5,625; Both Sexes, 15,202. 



50 Index to Diagrams. 

No. 38. — Averajj^e Actual Vc'irly Kaniings (Manufactures): From ]\rassnclui6etts I.ahor r,ul- 
lotiu No. 28, 11)08. Worsted Goods: 181K)-11K)2. Average Yearly Earnin.irs, i?371.:i4; Males, 2,S7'2; 
Fenuiles, 8,288; Both Sexes, 6,110. 

]^o. 39. — Averajj^e Actual Yearly Earnings (Manufactures) : From Massachusetts Labor Bul- 
letin No. 28, 1908. All Industries: 18fK)-MK)2. Average Yearly Karnin-rs, i?4;i^.:><;; Males, 178,.S2I»; 
Females, 91,800; Both Sexes, 270,195. 

Agriculture. [Nos. 40-45. ] 

No. 40. — Agricultural Pi-opertN : From the Massachusetts I)c<-cnnial Census, 18*r). Total VaUu' 
of all Property, $219,957,214. 

No. 41. — Agricultural l*roi)erty : From the Massa<"husetts I)c<-ennial Census, lsi»5. Land: 
Total Number of Acres, 8,847,749^^; Cultivated, Uncultivated, Wo«»dland. etc. 

No. 42. Agricultural Property: From the Massachusetts Decennial Census, 1895. ClassHicatinn 
of Farm Land : Number of Fanns, Gardens, Lots, et<'., in all Classes, <L5,2S7. 

No. 43. — Agricultural Pro])erty: From the Massachusetts Decennial Census, Is95. Comi>ara- 
tive Number of Farms of Specified Size: 1S85-1895. 

No, 44, — Agricultural Property: From the Massachusetts De<'cnnial ('«'n>us, 1S95. Tot;il 
Value, Fruit Trees and Mnes, $7,924,878; Apple, Pea<'h, and Pear Trees, and (irapevines, et<\ 

No, 45, — Princii)al Agricultural l*roducts: Fr(»m the Massachusetts Decennial Census, 1895. 
Total Value of All Products, $52,880,431. 

The Fisheries. [Nos. 40, 47.] 

No. 46. — Product of The Fisheries. From the Massa<-hn-etts Dc«-ennial Census, 1895. Total 
Value of all Products, $5,708,148. 

No. 47. — Principal Food Fish Products: Fioni the Massachusetts Derennial Census, lsi»5. 
Total Value Food Fish Products, $5,194,2(>5. 

Coastwise and Ocean Commerce. [No. 48.] 

No. 48, — Coastwise and Ocean Commen-e under the .American Flag: From tlie Massachusetts 
Decennial Census, 1895. Total Earnings, $9,;{.89,821 (Karnings from Freight and Passengers). 



Approved 

by the 

State Board of 

Publication 




V,n,T, r ^O^GRESS 



001 736 78lfi'V 




